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Tryphoninus

(82 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Der röm. Jurist Claudius T. (um 200 n. Chr.), verm. östlicher Herkunft [3], Schüler des Cervidius Scaevola [1] (Dig. 49,17,19 pr.) und Konsiliar des Septimius [II 7] Severus (Dig. 49,14,50), schrieb Erörterungen strittiger Rechtsfälle ( Disputationes, 21 B.) und Notae (‘Anmerkungen) zu den Digesta und Responsa seines Lehrers [1; 2]. Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography 1 H. T. Klami, Entscheidung und Begründung in den Kommentaren Tryphonins zu Scaevolas Responsen, 1975 2 M. Sixto, Las anotaciones de Trifonino, Bd. 1, 1989; Bd. 2, 1991 3 D. Liebs, Jurisprudenz, …

Urseius Ferox

(85 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Röm. Jurist des frühen Prinzipats (1. Jh. n. Chr.), referierte in mindestens 10 B. (Coll. 12,7,9) die Meinungen der Gründer von Rechtsschulen, einerseits des Sabinus [II 5] und des Cassius [II 14], andererseits des Proculus [1]. Das Werk ist außer durch fünf Zitate bei Ulpianus und bei Iulius [IV 16] Paulus nur durch den Komm. des Iulianus [1] Ad Urseium Ferocem bekannt. Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, Bd. 2, 1889, 1201-1224  Kunkel, 145 f.  D. Liebs, Rechtsschulen und Rechtsunterricht im Prinzipat, in: ANRW II 15,…

Ulpianus

(623 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Domitius U. Röm. Jurist der Severerzeit aus Tyros in Syrien (Dig. 50,15,1 pr.), verm. Schüler des Papinianus [2. 208 f.] und Lehrer des Modestinus (Dig. 47,2,52,20). Unter Septimius [II 7] Severus Assessor seines Lehrers, der inzwischen Praetorianerpraefekt geworden war (SHA Pesc. 7,4; SHA Alex. 26,6), und wohl von 205 bis 209 n. Chr. Leiter der Kanzlei a libellis (des kaiserlichen Justizbüros), unter Elagabal [2] praefectus [4] annonae (Leiter der Lebensmittelversorgung; Cod. Iust. 8,37,4), unter Severus [2] Alexander 222 Praetorianerpraef…

Tribonianus

(200 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Von 529 bis 532 n. Chr. “Justizminister” unter Iustinianus [1] I. ( qu. sacri palatii), von 533 bis 535 Vorsteher der Kaiserkanzleien ( magister officiorum) und danach bis zu seinem Tod (verm. 542 n. Chr.) erneut qu. [1. 40-69]. Als Kenner und Bewunderer des röm. Rechts und der Jurisprudenz der Prinzipatszeit war T. federführend bei der Ausarbeitung aller Teile der iustinianischen Kompilation: des alten codex (II. C.; Const. Haec 1; Summa 2), der Digesta (Deo auctore 3; Tanta pr.), der Institutiones ( Imperatoriam 3; Tanta 11) und des neuen codex ( Cordi 2). Ob er …

Vivianus

(53 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Der wohl E. des 1. Jh. n. Chr. tätige röm. Jurist schrieb ein einziges, von Ulpianus und von Iulius [IV 16] Paulus mehrfach zitiertes Werk [1], entweder einen Ediktskommentar [2] oder Digesta [3. 34 ff.]. Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography 1 O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, Bd. 2, 1889, 1225 ff. 2 Schulz, 235; 270 3 C. Russo Ruggeri, Viviano giurista minore?, 1997.

Vindius Verus

(63 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Röm. Jurist, Suffektconsul 138 n. Chr. (CIL XVI 84) und Consiliar des Antoninus [1] Pius (SHA Pius 12,1), ist in Iustinianus' [1] Digesta (6. Jh. n. Chr.) nur mit fünf indirekten Zitaten vertreten. Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, Bd. 2, 1889, 1223 f.  R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 248 f.  D. Liebs, Jurisprudenz, in: HLL 4, 1997, 106.

Taruttienus Paternus

(84 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Der röm. Jurist P. Taruttienus (Taruntenus) Paternus war 171-173 n. Chr. Leiter der Kanzlei ab epistulis Latinis und seit 177 Praetorianerpraefekt unter Marcus [2] Aurelius (Cass. Dio 71,12,3; 71,33,3). Nach dessen Tod wurde T. um 182 n. Chr. seines Amtes enthoben und wegen Hochverrats hingerichtet (SHA Comm. 4,7 f.). T. schrieb das erste juristische Werk über das Heerwesen ( De re militari, 4 B.). Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia iuris civilis, Bd. 2, 1889, 335 f.  Kunkel, 219-222  D. Liebs, Jurisprudenz, in: HLL 4, 1997, 136 f.

Tuscianus

(80 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Nach Dig. 1,2,2,53 war T. neben Fulvius [II 2] Aburnius Valens Anf. des 2. Jh. n. Chr. Nachfolger des Iavolenus [2] und Vorgänger des Iulianus [1] in der Führung der sabinianischen Rechtsschule. Eine Verwechslung mit Iavolenus, der das Cogn. Tossianus trug, ist unwahrscheinlich. Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography D. Liebs, Nicht-lit. röm. Juristen der Kaiserzeit, in: K. Luig, D. Liebs (Hrsg.), Das Profil des Juristen in der europäischen Trad. Symposion F. Wieacker, 1980, 149-153  R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 231-234.

Thalelaios

(96 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz
[English version] Rechtsprofessor ( antecessor) unter Iustinianus [1] I., verm. in Berytos, einer der acht Adressaten der Const. Omnem (der mit dem Abschluß der Digesta 533 n. Chr. erlassenen Studienordnung), schrieb eine griech. Paraphrase des codex (II.) Iustinianus. Das in den Basiliken und deren Scholien (Byzanz I. B.3.) überl. Werk vermittelt gute Informationen über den Codexunterricht des Th. Giaro, Tomasz Bibliography D. Simon, Aus dem Kodexunterricht des Th., in: ZRG 86, 1969, 334-383; RIDA 16, 1969, 283-308; ZRG 87, 1970, 315-394; RIDA 17, 1970, 273-397  P. E. Pieler…

Octavenus

(57 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] This jurist, who flourished during the reigns of the Emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan, is only known from 23 indirect citations in Justinian's Digesta and one citation in the Fragmentum Dositheanum § 12. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, vol. 1, 1889, 793-796  A. Berger, s.v. O., RE 17, 1786-1788  Kunkel 150f.

Responsa

(841 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] A. Term and form Responsa (lit.: 'responses', sing. responsum) were originally rulings or opinions of sacred law made by the Roman colleges of priests (the augures, fetiales, haruspices and pontifices) [1. 19-21; 2. 313 f., 560-563]. According to Dig. 1,2,2,6, the pontifical college ( pontifex ; hence: responsa pontificum) issued preventative or cautelary responsa for the formulation and interpretation of legal transactions ( cautio in the sense of a precaution) or suits ( actio), and responsa for the organs of judicial administration in respect of past…

Iuris prudentia

(1,209 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] A. Concept and Function Iuris prudentia (IP), ‘astuteness in the law’, is the most succint designation for the legal profession (  iuris consultus ), which in antiquity formed an independent discipline only in Rome. In Rome IP did not denote ‘any professional preoccupation with the law’ [2. 1 f.], but only private jurisprudence. Legal practitioners and magistrates were not iuris prudentes, but were instructed by the latter either from case to case as experts or as permanent assessors. For the relevance of a mistake in a point of law (  ignorantia

Hermogenianus

(133 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] Jurist from the Hellenistic east of the Roman empire, from AD 293 to 295 magister libellorum (head of the petition office) of Diocletian [1; 3], published in AD 295 the Codex Hermogenianus, a semi-official collection of rescripts of Diocletian from 293 and 294. Excerpts were taken from the collection in the  Fragmenta Vaticana , in the  Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum and in the  Consultatio and adopted by the Codex Justinianus ( Haec, pr.; Summa § 1). H. also wrote the legal breviary Juris epitomae (6 bks.; re [2]) from which excerpts were taken probably…

Iuris consultus

(320 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] Preferred expression for the Roman specialized jurist aside from iuris prudens, peritus, auctor or studiosus. The iuris consultus is an authority ‘consulted’ about law and hence implicitly competent to answer [1. 25; 4. 554], ‘experienced in statutory and customary law’ ( legum et consuetudinis ... peritus, Cic. De or. 1,212). For the designation iuris consultus (IC) neither the literary or the official work nor - in view of the private character of  legal instruction - a formal educational level was decisive but only consultation …

Atilicinus

(56 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] Jurist, probably a student of  Proculus (Dig. 23,4,17), only known through 28 indirect quotations in later legal compilations. PIR2 A 1292. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia iuris civilis, 1889 (repr. 1960), vol. 1, 71ff. C. A. Maschi, La scienza del diritto all'età dei Flavi, in: Atti Congr. Intern. Studi Vespasianei I, 1981, 64ff.

Ulpianus

(710 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] Domitius U. Roman jurist of the Severan period from Tyrus in Syria (Dig. 50,15,1 pr.), probably a student of Papinianus [2. 208 f.] and teacher of Modestinus (Dig. 47,2,52,20). Under Septimius [II 7] Severus, he was assessor for his teacher, who had since become Praetorian prefect (SHA Pesc. Nig. 7,4; SHA Alex. Sev. 26,6), and was probably leader of the chancellery a libellis (the imperial judiciary office) from AD 205 to 209; praefectus [4] annonae (leader of the office ensuring food supply; Cod. Iust. 8,37,4) under Elagabalus [2]; Praetorian prefec…

Taruttienus Paternus

(94 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] The Roman jurist P. Taruttienus (Taruntenus) Paternus was the head of the chancellery ab epistulis Latinis in AD 171-173 and praetorian prefect under Marcus [II 2] Aurelius (Cass. Dio 71,12,3; 71,33,3) beginning in 177. After the latter's death, T. was relieved of his office about AD 182 and executed for high treason (SHA Comm. 4,7 f.). T. wrote the first legal work on the military ( De re militari, 4 books). Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia iuris civilis, vol. 2, 1889, 335 f.  Kunkel, 219-222  D. Liebs, Jurisprudenz, in: HLL 4, …

Coruncanius, Ti.

(42 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] Consul in 280 BC, first plebeian pontifex maximus in 254, first issued responsa publicly and in association with legal instruction (Dig. 1,2,2,35), did not, however, produce any writings (Dig. 1,2,2,38). Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography Wieacker, RRG, 528, 535.

Ofilius, Aulus

(139 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] (epigraphically also Ofellius). This Roman jurist was a friend as well as a political agent of Caesar. He was a member of the equites, but never held an office. Next to Alfenus [3] Varus he was the most notable student of Sulpicius Rufus (Dig. 1,2,2,44), in whose footsteps he wrote an extensive commentary Ad edictum, which was, however, soon ousted from the market by the Edict commentary of Antistius [II 3] Labeo. Little is known about his Actiones (Pleas, 16 bks.), Ius partitum ('The law and its parts', 5 bks.) and De legibus ad Atticum ('On the laws, to Atticus', 20 bks.…

Tuscianus

(84 words)

Author(s): Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] According to Dig. 1,2,2,53, T. and Fulvius [II 2] Aburnius Valens followed Iavolenus [2] and preceded Iulianus [1] as heads of the Sabine law school at the beginning of the 2nd cent. AD. Confusion with Iavolenus, who bore the cognomen Tossianus, is unlikely. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography D. Liebs, Nicht-literarische röm. Juristen der Kaiserzeit, in: K. Luig, D. Liebs (eds.), Das Profil des Juristen in der europäischen Tradition. Symp. F. Wieacker, 1980, 149-153  R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 231-234.
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