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Discipline of the Secret
(1,180 words)
[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Christian Secrecy
I. Religious Studies Discipline of the Secret (
disciplina arcani) is a modern expression coined in the context of post-Reformation controversial theology (first used by J. Daillé,
De usu patrum ad ea definienda capita, Geneva, 1686). It refers to the ancient Christian demand, made especially in the 4th and early 5th centuries, that central parts of the ritual (baptism and Eucharist) and the …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Incubation
(469 words)
[German Version] Incubation (Lat.
incubare, Gk
enkatheúdein, enkoimán, “to sleep in a sanctuary”) is the ritual practice of sleeping in a sanctuary for the purpose of experiencing a divine epiphany in one's dreams and of receiving help. The practice was especially cultivated in the healing sanctuaries of Asclepius, although it is also attested in other cults in which healing (Amphiaraos in Oropus, Isis and other gods in Kanopos-Menouthis in the Nile Delta) or dream oracles were sought. Incubation is at…
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Religion Past and Present
Orphism
(1,858 words)
[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. Responses
I. History of Religions
1. Orphic-Dionysian mysteries. The earliest Greeks anticipated a short and active life without any form of existence after death. The 6th century bce saw the appearance of religious alternatives that promised an afterlife in the beyond. One of these spread anonymously under the name of Orpheus; myths of Orpheus speak of deliverance from a senseless and cheerless netherworld. There was never a coherent religion practiced by Orphics, but there is discu…
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Religion Past and Present
Divination/Manticism
(2,012 words)
[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Greco-Roman Antiquity
I. Religious Studies
1. Terms and definition Divination derives from Lat.
divinare, “to ascertain the divine will.” Manticism, Gk μαντική (sc. τέχνη)/
mantikḗ (sc.
téchnē), is “(the art of) indicating the future”; the term derives from a root that expresses “spiritual effort”; in antiquity, at least after Plato (
Phaidr. 244c), owing to the dominance of ecstatic divination, the word was associated with “mania” (μανία/
manía) (Mania). Divination is …
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Religion Past and Present
Myth and Mythology
(12,158 words)
[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. History – III. Philosophy of Religion – IV. Fundamental Theology. – V. Missiology
I. Religious Studies
1. The Concept and Its History Myth may be defined by either content or function. Defined by content, myth is a belief
about something significant, such as the world or society. Defined by function, myth
accomplishes something significant, such as explaining the world or supporting society. Most theories of myth are concerned with the
function of myth, but many are also concerned with either the
origin or the
subject matter of myth. Myt…
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Religion Past and Present
Gallio, Junius Annaeus
(190 words)
[German Version] Gallio, Junius Annaeus, eldest son of the rhetor Lucius Annaeus Seneca and the brother of the philosopher, poet and statesman Lucius Annaeus Seneca. He was adopted by the rhetor Lucius Iunius Gallio and followed the typical senatorial track, becoming governor (proconsul) of Achaia under Claudius (51/52 ce) and
consul suffectus in 56 ce. He survived his brother, whom Nero forced to commit suicide in the wake of the Piso conspiracy of 65 ce, but also seems to have been compelled to take his own life at a later point in time (Tacitus,
Annales XV, 73; Dio Cassius, LXII, 25).…
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Religion Past and Present