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Talfīḳ

(753 words)

Author(s): Hallaq, Wael B. | Layish, A.
(a.), a notion in Islamic law. 1. In classical Islamic law. The basic meaning of lafaḳa and form II laffaḳa is “to sew (a garment) together (by joining two lengths of cloth)”, whence “to patch together”, and by an extension of meaning, “to piece together (a verse or story), to concoct”, which is close to the legal meaning. In legal jargon, talfīḳ connotes the bringing together of certain elements of two or more doctrines in such a manner as to create therefrom yet another, different doctrine. It is to be noted that no technical dicti…

Talfīḳ

(729 words)

Author(s): Hallaq, Wael B. | Layish, A.
, (a.), notion de droit islamique. 1. En droit islamique classique. Le sens premier de lafaḳa et de sa deuxième forme laffaḳa est de joindre en les cousant deux bouts d’un tissus. Dans le jargon juridique, talfīḳ signifie aussi l’assemblage de certains éléments de deux doctrines ou davantage de façon à créer une nouvelle doctrine encore différente. On peut noter qu’aucun dictionnaire technique ne donne ce terme (sous aucune de ses formes), et que la connotation strictement technique attachée à ce concept dans la réforme juridique …

ḠAZĀLĪ, ABŪ ḤĀMED MOḤAMMAD

(18,060 words)

Author(s): Böwering, Gerhard | Watt, W. Montgomery | Pourjavady, Nasrollah | Hallaq, Wael B. | Marmura, Michael E. | Et al.
b. Moḥammad Ṭūsī (1058-1111), one of the greatest systematic Persian thinkers of medieval Islam and a prolific Sunni author on the religious sciences (Islamic law, philosophy, theology, and mysticism) in Saljuq times. Overview of entry: i. Biography, ii. The Eḥyāʾ ʿolum al-dīn, iii. The Kīmīā-ye saʿādat, iv. Minor Persian works, v. As a Faqīh, vi. Ḡazālī and Theology, vii. Ḡazālī and the Bāṭenīs, viii. Impact on Islamic Thought.A version of this article is available in printVolume X, Fascicle 4, pp. 358-377blod:ḠAZĀLĪ, ABŪ ḤĀMED MOḤAMMAD, b. Moḥammad Ṭūsī (450-505/1058-1111), …
Date: 2021-07-20

S̲h̲arṭ

(2,360 words)

Author(s): Hallaq, Wael B. | Netton, I.R. | Carter, M.G.
(pls. s̲h̲urūṭ , s̲h̲arāʾiṭ ), literally, “condition”. 1. In Islamic law. Here, it has the sense of “condition, term, stipulation”. The term has two major connotations. Generally, it denotes that which does not partake in the quiddity of a thing but upon which the existence of that thing hinges. Ritual cleansing ( ṭahāra ), for instance, is not a constitutive part of prayer ( ṣalāt ) but it is a condition for its validity. In legal theory ( uṣūl al-fiḳh ), s̲h̲arṭ signifies a condition in verifying the ratio legis, the ʿilla . S̲h̲arṭ requires the ruling ( ḥukm ) to be n…

S̲h̲arṭ

(2,396 words)

Author(s): Hallaq, Wael B. | Netton, I.R. | Carter, M.G.
(a., pl. s̲h̲urūṭ, s̲h̲arāʾiṭ), litt., «condition». 1. En droit islamique, le mot a le sens de «condition, terme, stipulation», avec deux connotations majeures. Généralement, il désigne ce qui ne fait pas partie de la quiddité de la chose, mais dont dépend l’existence de cette chose. La pureté rituelle ( ṭahāra), par exemple, n’est pas partie constitutive de la Prière ( ṣalāt), mais est une condition de sa validité. En matière de théorie juridique ( uṣūl al-fiḳh), s̲h̲arṭ désigne une condition à l’authentification de la ratio legis, la ʿilla. Le s̲h̲arṭ implique que la règle ( ḥukm) soit …