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[German Version] (Nov 11, 1752, Stuttgart – Mar 14, 1810, Stuttgart), historian and statesman. After studying theology in Tübingen, in 1775 he went on an educational trip to northern Germany. In 1777 he was appointed lecturer at the Tübinger Stift. In 1779 he was appointed professor of church history and in 1784 of political history in Göttingen. He entered the Württemberg civil service in 1797, being appointed minister of state in 1807; he served as a trustee of the University of Tübingen and hea…

[German Version] (Jan 31, 1736, Konitz, West Prussia – Aug 28, 1797, Hannover), studied theology in Jena and Halle. In 1763, he became associate professor and in 1765 professor in Göttingen. In 1791, he was appointed court chaplain and general superintendent in Hannover Leß sought to demonstrate apologetically the independence of the Christian religion from deism and materialism ( Beweiß der Wahrheit der Christlichen Religion, 1768, 51785) and to direct the Enlightenment revision of biblically based ecclesiastical doctrine into moderate channels conducive to r…

[German Version] (Aug 5, 1730, Sankt Gallen – Jan 22, 1788, Leipzig) studied in Bremen, Hanau, and Utrecht, beginning in 1751. In 1754 he was appointed to a preaching position in Murten (Bern Canton); after a temporary position in Monstein (Grisons Canton), in 1758 he was appointed pastor, first in Isenburg, then of the Reformed church in Leipzig. With that as a base, Zollikofer worked as a popularizer of a moderate Enlightenment theology, focused on religious praxis; his influence extended far be…

[German Version] ( Jan 25, 1683, Celle – Aug 21, 1741, Schönwald bei Berlin), Lutheran theologian. After beginning his studies at Halle in 1700 with P. Anton and J.J. Breithaupt, he became a disciple ¶ of J.F. Buddeus and later of C. Wolff. In 1709 he became an adjunct to J. Porst in Berlin, where he was ordained to preach in 1710. In 1717 he was appointed provost of Berlin-Cölln and made a consistorial councilor. In making the transition from Pietism to the early Enlightenment, Reinbeck became one of the forerunners of Enlighte…

[German Version] (Dec 30, 1877, Mulki, India – Feb 11, 1958, Munich), church historian. In 1905 Hermelink became a Privatdozent at Leipzig; after serving from 1909 to 1914 as a pastor in Thekla, he was appointed associate professor at Kiel in 1914, professor at Bonn in 1915, and professor at Marburg in 1916. After he was forced to resign in 1935, he served congregations in Württemberg and Bavaria. In debate with E. Troeltsch, he profiled the period of the Reformation between the Middle Ages and the modern era from…

[German Version] (Oct 16, 1552, Seesen – May 19, 1620, Wunstorf ). After studying at the Pädagogium in Gandersheim (1571), he served as choirmaster in Halberstadt (1575); he received his M.A. and Dr.phil. from Helmstedt in 1578. In 1578 he was appointed rector in Burg, near Magdeburg. In 1581 he was appointed professor of dialectics and ethics at Helmstedt and professor theology there in 1587. In 1589 he was appointed general superintendent of Göttingen and in 1608 of Calenburg. As a member of the…

[German Version] The term Universitätsgottesdienst “university worship service,” first attested in the early 18th century, denotes a special worship service (Worship: V), generally held on a Sunday, led by members of the theological faculty and attended primarily by members of the university. Such services were not held in the late medieval universities, although there were probably masses on special occasions, including the missa universitatis and sermones ad clerum. The combination of a university chair with a collegiate canonry was common the late Middle Age…