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15.1 Mongolia’s Access to the Seas and OceansMongolia is a land-locked country situated in the heart of Central Asia. It is sandwiched between Russia and China and is the second-largest landlocked country with a population of 3.3 million with a territory of 1.565.000 km2. Due to political and economic factors, it has become a part of the Northeast Asian region. The nearest seaport is China’s Tianjin port, facing the Bohai Sea in East China, which is 1700 km from the capital city Ulaanbaatar and it is over 1000 km away from the south-east…

20.1 Mongolia’s Nuclear-Weapon-Free Status Policy: Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Regional TrustDuring the East-West and Sino-Soviet Cold Wars in the second half of the 20th century, Mongolia, as the Soviet Union’s ally, firmly followed the latter’s foreign policy lines on almost all issues, including issues of war, peace and disarmament. When the Sino-Soviet dispute intensified in 1967, Mongolia agreed to the stationing of Soviet military bases on its territory. In 1969, following the violent Si…

1.1 History of the Interactions between Mongolia and International Law and International CommunityGeographical location has always played an important role in the statehood of Mongolia. Mongolia’s closed, landlocked location is one of the main key factors in terms of nomadic lifestyle significant development in the steppe. This has led Mongolians to emphasize trade in their foreign relations. On the other hand, the principles of non-discrimination, equality, and fairness, which are special attributes of the…