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Abstract Achaean was a Doric dialect spoken in Achaea and its colonies in Magna Graecia. In the Hellenistic period the Achaean League used a Koina with a Doric base. 1. Historical Background Achaea extended along the northernmost part of the Peloponnese from Sicyon in the East to Elis in the West. To the South a high mountain range separated it from Arcadia. The region remained economically and culturally irrelevant throughout the Archaic and Classical period. Trying to escape from overpopulation, Achaean colonists founded Sybaris (ca 725-700 BCE), Croton (ca 709), and Metapontion (ca 630?) in Southern Italy (Magna Graecia, Dialects). In turn, Croton founded Caulonia (late 7th c.) and Terina (early 5th c.), and Sybaris founded Poseidonia (ca 600 BCE). R…

Abstract Northwest Greek is a subgroup of Doric spoken in a vast area of Central Greece including Epirus, Acarnania, Aetolia, W. and E. Locris, Phocis and Doris, as well as in Epizephyrian Locri. In the Hellenistic period the Aetolian League favored the expansion of a NW. Koina, a mixture of the local Doric dialect with some features borrowed from Att.-Ion. Koine.  …

1. Introduction The homeland of the Macedonians is a matter of dispute. Whatever their origin, the core of their kingdom was so-called Lower Macedonia, the coastal plain along the Thermaic Gulf watered by the rivers Axios and Haliacmon and encompassing Pieria and Bottiea between Thessaly to the south and Paeonia to the north. Throughout the 5th-4th c. BCE, the Macedonian kingdom dominated Upper Macedonia (Elimeia, Almopia, Orestis, Lyncestis, Pelagonia) up to the Pindos range in the west and Mygdonia, Crestonia, Bisaltia, up to the river Nestos in the east. During the reign of …