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Fayṣal b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
(1,288 words)
Fayṣal b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (1906–75) was one of the sons of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Āl Saʿūd (1880–1953), founder of the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fayṣal ruled from 1964 to 1975, during a period of strong inter-Arab tensions, the rise of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, and accelerated modernisation, when Saudi Arabia was transformed into a leading oil producer and a major player in Arab politics. Fayṣal was born in Riyadh on 9 April 1906 to ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Āl Saʿūd and Ṭarfa bt. Āl al-Shaykh, who died in 1912, when the young princ…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd
(1,588 words)
ʿAbdallāh was the eleventh son of
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
Āl Suʿūd (Ibn Saud, r. 1932–53), who re-established the Saudi monarchy in 1932. Born in Riyadh in 1922, ʿAbdallāh served as regent when his brother, King Fahd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (r. 1982–2005), suffered a debilitating stroke in January 1995. He succeeded him as sovereign on 1 August 2005. ʿAbdallāh, who had governed as a caretaker, embarked on full-fledged reforms as soon as he assumed full authority, ushering in significant domestic and foreig…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2022-09-21
Fahd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
(1,556 words)
1. Personal history Born in Riyadh in 1921,
Fahd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was the eighth son of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (Ibn Suʿūd, r. 1932–53). His mother was the influential Ḥassa bt. Aḥmad al-Sudayrī (1900–69), who gave the founder seven sons—Fahd, Sulṭān (1925–2011), ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (1931–2017), Turkī (1934–2016), Nāyif (1934–2012), Salmān (1935-), and Aḥmad (1942–)—better known as the “Sudayrī Seven.” Educated at the Princes’ School in Riyadh, Fahd was tutored by several prominent Wahhābī scholars, inc…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2022-09-21
Khādim al-Ḥaramayn
(1,283 words)
Khādim al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn (custodian of the two holy mosques, or, servant of the two noble sanctuaries, that is, of Mecca and Medina) is a royal title used by many Muslim rulers, including Ayyūbid, Mamlūk, and Ottoman sultans. It is unclear whether ʿAbbāsid caliphs ever used the title. The first Muslim ruler known to have used the designation was the founder of the Ayyūbid dynasty, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (Saladin, r. 564–89/1169–93): the earliest known evidence is a restoration inscription in the Qubbat Yūsuf (dome of Yūsuf), on the Temple Mount…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2022-08-02
