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16.1 Aviation Safety in Bangladesh: National and International PerspectivesMany people have a fear of flying or dying in an airplane accident, but air travel is and has been the safest mode of transportation for years. The average number of accidents in the commercial airline was only 2.6 in per million departures in 2018. Though this number is slightly higher from the 2017 at the rate of 2.4 with no commercial jet accident, the safety of commercial aviation has increased over the years since its incept…

20.1 Use of Force as Self-Defence by the People of Bangladesh in 1971Bangladesh was known as East Pakistan, the eastern province of federal Pakistan. Since its independence in 1947, Pakistan held its first-ever national election in 1970. Awami League, the political party seeking autonomy for East Pakistan, won the election. This election result was seen a threat to the dominant power-base of West Pakistani military and political elites. In a bid to frustrate this constitutional process, the incumbent milita…

2.1 Right to Self-Determination and the Emergence of BangladeshPersons claiming self-determination are those who view themselves as being unjustifiably excluded from the community of states recognized by international law. The principle of self-determination envisages the right of cohesive national groups i.e., ‘peoples’ to decide for themselves the form of political organisation and their relation to other groups. Self-determination may be of independence as a state, secession from one state to a new s…

9.1 Bangladesh in the United Nations and Regional OrganisationsBangladesh applied for admission in the United Nations in 1972. China vetoed acceptance of this application claiming that two United Nations resolutions with regard to the repatriation of Pakistani civilians and prisoners of war were not complied with by Bangladesh at that time. Even in 1973, Bangladesh came out unsuccessful to become a member of the UN because of the veto exercised by China on behalf of Pakistan. Finally, on September 21, 1974, Bangladesh became a permanent member of the United Nations.Following the adm…

14.1 International Environmental Treaties and BangladeshThe discourse of international environmental law was mostly developed through the adoption of international treaties concluded for particular purposes including environmental protection. The wide range of environmental issues was reflected in the treaties which contributed to the gradual progression of international environmental law. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 1973 is one of the significant treaties that aims to pro…

13.1 Bangladesh and its Preferential Trade AgreementsTrade under the reciprocal preferential trade arrangements (PTAs) is not a prominent feature of the international trade of Bangladesh. However, Bangladesh is a party to a few functional PTAs, the most important of which would be the Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), and Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA). The SAFTA agreement supplants its predecessor, the South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement (SAPTA). The SAFTA liberalises trad…