Search

‘Babylon the great is fallen’ Enevald Svenonius Date: 1669 Original Language: Latin Description Babylon magna ruens is the first part in Enevald Svenonius’ large theological work in which he attempts to refute all doctrines that deviate from orthodox Lutheran Christianity. It was printed by the University of Turku in 1669, with the title Babylon magna ruens, Apoc. 18: 2.19, sue vox clamantis in aquilone adversus AntiChristum occidentalem (‘Babylon the Great is fallen, Rev. 18:2.19, or the voice of one crying in the north, against the western Antichrist’). Originally published as …

Rucouskiria Bibliasta'Prayer Book from the Bible' Michael Agricola Date: 1544 Original Language: Finnish Description This most original among the works of Agricola was mainly intended for priests so that they could conduct services in Finnish (its full title is Rucouskiria Bibliasta, se on, molemista Testamentista, Messuramatusta, ia muusta monesta, jotca toysella polella Luetellan, cokoonpoymettu Somen Turussa, 'Prayer Book from the Bible, i.e. put together from both Testaments, Missal [Aboense] and many others, listed on the other side, in Turku o…

Biography Michael Agricola, reformer, bishop and father of the Finnish literary language, was the son of a wealthy farmer. After school in Viipuri and Turku, he was ordained priest and became an assistant to Bishop Skytte. In 1536-39, he studied at the University of Wittenberg under Luther, Melanchthon and others. Back in Turku, he was rector of the local school, again bishop’s assistant, and from 1554 to 1557 was bishop of Turku. He started the Lutheran reformation in Finland and wrote a considerable body of work to introduce and propagate its leading principles, i…

Biography Enevald Svenonius was born in Småland, Sweden, in 1617. After attending school in Kalmar and Växjö, in 1640 he followed his teacher and future father-in-law, Michael Wexio­nius, to the recently founded University of Turku. He was awarded his MA in 1647 and started teaching. In 1648-50 he studied Semitic languages at Uppsala, and then theology at Wittenberg under Abraham Calovius in 1651-4. In 1654, he toured central Europe for six months, briefly visiting no fewer than 28 universities. …

Gymnasium‘Intelligence brought into captivity, or rather the College for bringing human intelligence into captivity’, ‘College’ Enevald Svenonius Date: 1662 Original Language: Latin Description To noēma ’ēchmalōtismenon seu potius Gymnasium capiendae rationis humanae (the title is taken from 2 Corinthians 10:5) is a series of dissertations, comprising 343 pages, written by Svenonius in the manner customary at the time. These dissertations were defended by his students in 1658-62, and were published by the university, then kno…

‘Index and judgement of religious syncretists’ Enevald Svenonius Date: 1675 Original Language: Latin Description Index et judex syncretismorum religionis, the third part of Enevald Svenonius’ comprehensive refutation of all heresies, paginated 665–848 and published by the Royal Academy of Turku, was dedicated to the refutation of syncretistic and heretical doctrines. It appeared as a series of essays in 1674-5 and was compiled mainly from 21 sources, but Svenonius’ main authority was Dannhauer (Johannes Conradus Dannhawerus: Mysterium syncretismi detecti, proscripti, e…

VIII. 1. Graeco-Baktrier und Indogriechen Um 250 v. Chr. machte sich Diodotos [2], der seleukidische Satrap von Baktria, selbständig und gründete das graeco-baktrische Reich. Seit dem Anfang des 2. Jh. v. Chr. eroberten die baktrischen Könige Demetrios [10] I. und Menandros [6] I. Soter auch Nordwest-Indien (Indogriechen). Das Reich wurde bald in mehrere Teilkönigreiche geteilt. Die Geschichte dieser östlichsten hell. Herrscher und ihrer iranischen Nachfolger bereitet manche Schwierigkeiten: Die weni…