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Lala Şahin Paşa
(510 words)
Lala Şahin (Lālā Şāhīn)
Paşa (d. 788/1386?) was tutor (
lala) to the Ottoman sultan Murad (Murād) I (763–91/1362–89) and the first person in the Ottoman state to hold the title of beylerbey (
beglerbegi, lit. “lord of lords,” in this period, commander-in-chief of the army; in later usage, governor general). Apparently, Şahin was a convert to Islam, and, according to Taşköprülüzade (Taşköprülüzāde (also Taşköprüzade, Taşköprizade), d. 968/1561), a manumitted slave of Sultan Orhan (Orkhān, r. c.724–63/1324–62). Circa 760/1359, Orh…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Bayezid Paşa
(790 words)
Bayezid (Bāyezīd)
Paşa (d. 824/1421) was an important grand vizier under the Ottoman sultan Mehmed (Meḥmed) I (r. 816–24/1413–21) and, briefly, under Murad (Murād II) (r. 824–48/1421–44, 850–5/1446–51). According to the contemporary Byzantine historian Doukas, he was a converted palace slave
(kul, qūl) of Albanian origin, but Turkish historians have presented him as the son of a man named Yahşı (Yakhşī), from a Muslim family in Amasya. This theory, favoured by the Turkish historian Uzunçarşılı, appears to be based on the work of the lat…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Bayezid I
(1,797 words)
Sultan
Bayezid I (Bāyezīd I, r. 791–805/1389–1403) was the first true Ottoman empire-builder, known as Yıldırım (lightning bolt). During his thirteen-year reign, he led the first Ottoman siege of Constantinople, defeated a Crusader army at Nicopolis, on the Danube (798/1396), and used an army consisting largely of janissaries and Christian vassals to annex the rival Muslim principalities
(beyliks) of Anatolia. He was the first Ottoman ruler to challenge the Mamlūks and threaten Byzantium with elimination, and had, by the end of his reign, come close t…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Çandarlı family
(1,031 words)
The
Çandarlı family was a family of viziers,
ulema (ʿulemāʾ), and statesmen who played a key role in the creation of the Ottoman Empire and its institutions until the middle of the ninth/fifteenth century. The name Çandarlı (or Candarlı, or Cenderī) is first associated with Kara Halil Hayreddin (Qara Khalīl Khayreddīn) Paşa (d. 789/1387). The most widely accepted theory is that the name is derived from a village named Çender, probably village in the Sivrihisar area, in central Anatolia (not to be confused with the principality of Candar based in Kastamonu on the Black Sea coast). According…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Düzme Mustafa
(825 words)
Düzme Mustafa (Muṣṭafā, d. 825/1422), also known as Cali (Caʿlī, “false” or “imposter”), was almost certainly a legitimate Ottoman prince, one of the sons of Sultan Bayezid (Bāyezīd) I (r. 791–804/1389–1402). His date of birth is unknown, and many other details of his life and political career are difficult to ascertain from the existing sources. During his father’s reign he appears to have been appointed governor of the recently incorporated provinces of Teke and Hamid in southwestern Anatolia (…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
