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Micah/Book of Micah
(1,683 words)
[German Version] I. The Prophet – II. Message – III. Growth of the Book – IV. Reception The prophetic book ascribed to Micah stands in the middle of the Book of the Twelve (Prophetic books). The biographical data in the other books make him the first prophet (Prophets and prophecy: II) from the southern kingdom.
I. The Prophet The superscription in Mic 1:1 distinguishes Micah from others with the same name by identifying his place of origin as Moresheth-Gath, making him a Judahite from the Shephelah. His message, however, indicates that …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Sklaverei
(4,188 words)
[English Version]
I. AllgemeinUnter S. wird eine soziale Struktur (einschließlich deren rechtlichen und ethischen Normvorgaben) verstanden, in deren Rahmen (bestimmte) Menschen als Sachen verstanden und behandelt werden. Das beinhaltet außer dem Bestimmungsrecht über Tätigkeit, Aufenthalt, persönliche Verhältnisse etc. des Sklaven insbes. auch die absolute Verfügungsgewalt des Eigentümers über Leib und Leben des Sklaven sowie das Recht, diesen wie eine Sache zu veräußern. Diese implikationsreiche …
Zins
(3,316 words)
[English Version]
I. Zum BegriffDer Begriff Z. geht zurück auf census (lat. Steuerkataster). Konzeptuell dem heutigen Z. vergleichbar sind jedoch erst die ma. censuales oder censuarii, (anfangs noch abhängige) »Zinsleute«, die dem Herrn für die Nutzung von Land periodisch Abgaben entrichteten. Der Z. mochte hier noch immer eine (hoheitliche) Abgabe sein, entscheidend war jetzt jedoch erstmals und blieb seitdem: die Zahlung für die Nutzungsüberlassung, typischerweise periodisch, stets nutzungszeitabhängig. Als Nutzungsobjekt tr…
Interest
(3,846 words)
[German Version] I. Concept – II. Legal Aspects – III. Economics – IV. Non-Christian Antiquity – V. Bible – VI. Christianity – VII. Judaism – VIII. Islam
I. Concept Interest is payment in exchange for a right of use or exploitation, typically on a temporary basis and always agreed for a fixed period of time. Money later gained increasing importance as an objec…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Israel
(10,133 words)
[German Version] I. The State of Israel – II. History – III. Society
I. The State of Israel The formal full name, State of Israel (Heb.
Medinat Yisrael), calls attention to the spatial divergence between the political entity and the geographical and historical
Erets Israel (Land of Israel, Palestine and its linguistic equivalents). Israel is located in southwest Asia, on the southern stretch of the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. In its northern half, inland from the shore, is the coastal area and further east are the hills, from north to south, of the Galilee, Samaria, and Judea, with their center in Jerusalem. Beyond these to the east is the Rift Valley, the lowest location on earth. The southern half of Israel, the Negev, is a mostly hilly valley. Since the peace agreements with Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994) and the army withdrawal from southern Lebanon (2000), most of Israel's boundaries in the south, east and north are agreed and final, but those with Syria in the north-east and the Palestinian area, which pertain to Samaria and Judea including the region of Jerusalem and its satellites, and the Gaza Strip, are not. The area over which Israel claims sovereignty, i.e. within the pre-1967 boundaries plus the Golan Heights and the extended Jerusalem municipal area, amounts to approx…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
