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, a group of Arab tribes of obscure origin. The opinions of the genealogists about their origin are contradictory. Some of them assert that they were descendants of Maʿadd, others say that they were from Ḥimyar. Both parties had recourse to traditions and utterances attributed to the Prophet, in which he is said either to have declared that Maʿadd’s kunya was Abu Ḳuḍāʿa, or to have stated explicitly that Ḳuḍāʿa is a descendant of Ḥimyar. Harmonising traditions reported that the mother of Ḳuḍāʿa was the wife of Mālik b. ʿAmr b. Murr…

denotes, according to Ḳurʾān, II, 125 (... wa-ttak̲h̲id̲h̲ū min maḳāmi Ibrāhīmi ¶ muṣallan ...) a place of prayer. Some commentators interpreted, however, the word muṣallan as “a place of invocations and supplications”, a definition which would considerably modify the status of the place. The reading of the verb in the phrase became the subject of discussion. Several scholars read it in the perfect tense “... wa-ttak̲h̲ad̲h̲ū ...”, and they rendered it”... and they took to themselves Abraham’s station for a place of prayer”, linking it w…

(or ʿUmayr ) b. Yazīd b. Sawā (or Sawwār ) b. Ward b. Murra b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ , Abū Ḥātim , leader of a rebellious movement in K̲h̲urāsān against the Umayyad administration. His father, Surayd̲j̲, had his abode in the quarter of the Banū Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ in Baṣra and received a yearly ʿaṭāʾ of 700 dirhams. Al-Ḥārit̲h̲ is mentioned as one of the courageous warriors in the battle against the forces of the K̲h̲āḳān at Paykand in n 1/729. He was flogged on the order of the governor of K̲h̲urāsān, al-Ḏj̲unayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Murrī, having oppos…

, the seventh month of the Islamic calendar, was observed as a holy month in the period of the D̲j̲āhiliyya in spring. It was the month of the sacrifices of the ʿatāʾir offered to the pagan deities as a token of gratitude for the augmentation of their flocks and herds. It was also the time of invocations of their deities to increase the number of their flocks. It was as well the month of the sacrifices of the …

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b. Zuhayr (or: b. Mālik b. Zuhayr) b. al-Ḥuṣayn b. Rizāḥ b. Asʿad b. Bud̲j̲ayr (or: S̲h̲ud̲j̲ayr) b. Rabīʿa, Abū Ayyūb…

b. Nād̲j̲iya b. Kaʿnab b. ʿAttāb b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. ʿAmr b. Hammām al-Riyāḥī , al-Yarbūʿī , al-Tamīmī came at the head of a troop of 1000 horsemen from al-Ḳādisiyya as a vanguard of the forces sent by ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, the governor of al-ʿIrāḳ against al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib [ q.v.]. The latter was advancing at the time with a group of his kindred and followers in the direction of al-Kūfa. Al-Ḥurr was ordered to follow closely the gr…

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b. sinān b. k̲h̲ālid b. minḳar b. ʿubayd b. muḳāʿis , abū ʿalī (according to other versions: abū ṭalḥa or abū Ḳabīṣa ), a muk̲h̲aḍram chief of the Banū Muḳāʿis and leader of his tribe. Tribal tradition emphasised his generosity, care for people under his protection, mildness and leniency. Al-Aḥnaf b. Ḳays reported the story, recorded in the compilations of adab , of how Ḳays b. ʿĀṣim received calmly the news about the murder of his son and magnanimously pardoned the murderer who was brought fettered into his presence. A poet of Sulaym, ʿAbbās b. Mirdās, praised his noble behaviour towards his dj…

(or Sāwī) b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd b. ʿAbd Allāh, a chief of the tribal division of Dārim of Tamīm. The tribal branch of the ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd were, according to tradition, called al-Ispad̲h̲iyyūn . This name, obviously of Persian origin, is said to have referred to this people because they worshipped a horse ( asp ); according to another tradition, they were called so because they came from a place called Ispad̲h̲. A third tradition assumed that this name was attached to a group of scattered tribal factions joined together and united ( al-d̲j̲ummāʿ ). Some Western scho…

b. masʿūd b. ḳays , abū ʾl-ṣahbāʾ or abū zīḳ (according to Ibn al-Kalbī, Ḏj̲amhara 203, nicknamed “al-Mutaḳammir”)—pre-Islamic hero, poet and sayyid of the Banu S̲h̲aybān. His family was considered one of the three most noble and aristocratie Bedouin families ( al-Ag̲h̲ānī , xvii, 105). His father is known ( al-Muḥabbar , 253) as one of the “d̲h̲awū ’l-Ākāl” (enjoying grants of the foreign rulers) and was granted by the Sāsānid kings. as a fee Ubulla and the adjacent border territories. (Ṭaff Safawān) against the obligation…

, abū ʿabd allāh or abū yaḥyā or abū muḥammad or abū ʿabd rabbihi , a Companion of the Prophet. Tradition is not unanimous about his origin. Some reports state that his father was captured in a raid launched by the Rabīʿa in the Sawād, sent to Mecca and sold as a slave to Sibāʿ b. ʿAbd al-ʿUẓzā al-K̲h̲uzāʿī, a confederate ( ḥalīf ) of the Banū Zuhra; Sibāʿ (who was later killed by Ḥamza in the battle of Uḥud) gave him as a gift to his daughter Umm Anmār who freed him. In a tradition attributed to ʿAlī he is said to have been the first of the Nabaṭ to embrace Islam. Other tradition…

b. ʿiḳāl b. muḥammad b. sufyān b. mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ b. dārim , Tamīmite warrior. Al-Aḳraʿ is an epithet ("bald"); his proper name (Firās? Ḍull?) is disputed. He is said to have been the last judge in the d̲j̲āhiliyya at ʿUkāẓ, having inherited this office (which was a privilege of Tamīm) from his ancestors; he performed this duty until the rise of Islam, giving his judgments in sad̲j̲ʿ (al-Ḏj̲āḥiẓ, Bayān , i, 236). He is said also to have been the first to prohibit games of chance ( ḳimār ), but was accused of partiality in the controversy between Bad̲j̲īla and K…

b. ʿUdus b. Zayd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Dārim b. Mālik b. Ḥanẓala b. Mālik b. Zayd Manāt b. Tamīm , an eminent sayyid of the Dārim of Tamīm in the period of the Ḏj̲āhiliyya. His name was, according to Abu ’l-Yaḳzān, Zayd, and his kunya Abū ʿIkris̲h̲a. Ḥād̲j̲ib, a member of one of the noblest families of Bedouin society, was known for his mildness. A particular incident in connexion with Ḳurād b. Ḥanīfa later caused Ḥād̲j̲ib to kill Ḳurād, which led to clashes between some families of Dārim. The first battle attended by Ḥād̲j̲ib was the battle of D̲j̲abala [ q.v.]. He was captured and freed himself by…

b. Nad̲j̲iya b. ʿIḳāl b. Muḥammad b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ b. Dārim , an eminent Tamīmī, famous for his generosity, the father of the poet al-Farazdaḳ. The tradition that G̲h̲ālib was a contemporary of the Prophet ( lahū idrāk ) seems to be valid; the ¶ tradition that he visited the Prophet and asked him about the reward of the deeds of his father in the time of the Ḏj̲āhiliyya ( Ag̲h̲ānī , xix, 4) seems however to be spurious. G̲h̲ālib belonged to the generation after the Prophet; his name is connected with the names of Ṭalba b. Ḳays b. ʿĀṣi…

b. ʿIḳāl b. Muḥammad b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ b. Dārim, guerrier tamīmite. Selon les traditions des premiers historiens arabes, il fut le dernier juge de la d̲j̲āhiliyya à ʿUkāẓ; cette charge était censée appartenir aux Tamīm, et il la remplit jusqu’à l’apparition de l’Islam; selon al-Ḏj̲āḥiẓ, il rendait ses jugements en sad̲j̲ʿ. On dit qu’il fut le premier à prohiber les jeux de hasard ( ḳimār), mais il fut accusé de partialité dans la controverse entre Bad̲j̲īla et Kalb. Il prit part à la bataille de Zubāla, fut fait prisonnier, et fut libéré par Bisṭām b. Ḳays. Un aut…

, le septième mois du calendrier islamique, était considéré comme un mois sacré au printemps à l’époque de la Ḏj̲āhiliyya. C’était le mois du sacrifice des ʿatāʾir offerts aux divinités païennes en témoignage de gratitude pour le croît des troupeaux de moutons et autre bétail. C’était aussi le temps de l’invocation de ces divinités pour leur accroissement futur, et encore le mois du sacrifice des furūʿ, les premiers nés des troupeaux en question. Le propriétaire devait sacrifier une brebis de son troupeau sur cinquante (ou cent). Le mois sacré de rad̲j̲ab était aussi le mois de l…

(ou ʿUmayr) b. Yazīd b. Sawā (ou Sawwār) b. Ward b. Murra b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ Abū Ḥātim, chef d’un mouvement de rébellion au Ḵh̲urāsān contre le gouvernement umayyade. Son père habitait le quartier des Banū Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ à Baṣra et recevait un ʿaṭāʾ annuel de 700 dirhams. Al-Ḥārit̲h̲ est cité parmi les guerriers courageux à la bataille de Paykand, en 111/729, contre les troupes du k̲h̲āḳān. Il fut flagellé sur les ordres du gouverneur du Ḵh̲urāsān. al-Ḏj̲unayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Murrī, parce qu’il avait reproché à ce dernier son injustice; le passage…

b. Nād̲j̲iya b. Ḳaʿnab b. ʿAttāb b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. ʿAmr b. Hammām al-Riyāḥī, al-Yarbūʿī, al-Tamīmī vint d’al-Ḳādisiyya à la tête d’un contingent de 1 000 cavaliers en avantgarde des troupes envoyées par ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, gouverneur du Irak, contre al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib [ q.v.]; ce dernier avançait alors avec un groupe de parents et de partisans dans la direction d’al-Kūfa. Al-Ḥurr reçut l’ordre de suivre de près le groupe d’al-Ḥusayn de façon à le conduire auprès de ʿUbayd Allāh à al-Kūfa, mais non de combattre. En conséquence,…

b. Nād̲j̲iya b. ʿIḳāl b. Muḥammad b. Sufyān b. Mud̲j̲ās̲h̲iʿ b. Dārim, ¶ éminent Tamīmite, célèbre pour sa générosité et père du poète al-Farazdaḳ. La tradition selon laquelle G̲h̲ālib était contemporain du Prophète ( lahū idrāk) paraît valable; mais la tradition selon laquelle il rendit visite au Prophète et le questionna sur la récompense que pourrait obtenir son père pour les actions qu’il avait accomplies au temps de la Ḏj̲āhiliyya ( Ag̲h̲ānī, XIX, 4) semble apocryphe. G̲h̲ālib appartenait à la génération qui suivit celle du Prophète; son nom est cité conjointe…