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1. Term The term “Crypto-Calvinism” (or secret Calvinism) came into use in the Protestant doctrinal controversies following the Interim of Augsburg (1548), when the Gnesio-Lutherans (or genuine Lutherans) began calling the adherents of Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) Philippists and also Crypto-Calvinists. This polemical term arose in connection with the so-called second eucharistic controversy (Eucharist 3.3), which was stirred up by the Consensus Tigurinus, the Zurich agreement between H. Bullin…

1. Term In the history of dogma (Dogma, History of), “Gnesio-Lutherans” (or “authentic Lutherans”) refers to a group of theologians who, in the internal Protestant debates between the Augsburg Interim (1548) and the Formula of Concord (1577; Confessions and Creeds), argued against Philippism that they were the true guardians of the heritage of Martin Luther (1483–1546; Luther’s Theology) and who thus described themselves as (true) Lutherans. The center of this strongly Lutheran movement was first …

1. The question of the place and function of the law in penitence, the Christian life, and Christian proclamation often caused strife during the course of the Lutheran Reformation (§1.3) up to the Formula of Concord. The debate between Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his follower Johann Agricola (1494–1566) of Eisleben might be viewed as an antinomian controversy in the narrower sense. Always presupposed by the disputants is the importance of the Reformation discovery of the distinction (variously understood) between law and gospel (Luther’s Theology). 1.1. Historians have found a…

[German Version] (Jan 11, 1928, Lyngby, Denmark – Mar 22, 2000, Copenhagen), a Danish theologian and Luther scholar. He studied theology in Copenhagen (1946–1952), Lund and Tübingen (1953); he was vicar in Copenhagen (1954–1956), then lecturer in a teachers' college and, from 1960, associate professor; he received the Dr.theol. from the University of Copenhagen in 1962; he was professor of church history and the history of dogma there 1964–1998; he was visiting professor at Marburg (1968–1969) and…