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This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Caesar | Caesar | Christianity | | Gallia/Gaul | Commerce | Colonization | Pilgrimage | Punic Wars (Μασσαλία/ Massalía, Latin Massilia), modern Marseilles. [German version] A. Founding Around 600 BC the Phocaeans founded M. ( Colonization IV.), attracted by the potential resulting from the proximity of the Rhône and the rocky bay of Lacydon for the establishment and securing of a harbour (founding legends in Aristot. fr. 549 Rose = Ath. 13,576a; Iust. 43,3,4-13). M.'s early top…

This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Achaeans, Achaea | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Arcadians, Arcadia | Athletes | Athenian League (Second) | Education / Culture (Μαντίνεια; Mantíneia). [German version] I. Name and landscape Older form of the name Μαντινέα, Attic and later literary form Μαντίνεια, the tribe was οἱ Μαντινεῖς; hoi Mantineîs. The tribal name is primary, with the town name derived from it. The town lies in the northern part of the large eastern Arcadian plateau, some 12 km north of Tripolis (630 m elevation). The…

[German version] (Ὁμάριον/ Homárion, Ἁμάριον/ Hamárion). Sanctuary of Zeus near Helice (Pol. 5,93,10 and Str. 8,7,3; 7,5; Syll.3 490, [1]), centre of the Achaean League, after the destruction of Helice (373 BC) in the possession of Aegium. Its location cannot be pinpointed in spite of several finds of inscriptions north-west of Aegium [2; 3; 4; 5. 191-193]. Not to be confused with Homagyrion in Paus. 7,24,2. But cf. the Achaean sanctuary of Zeus Homarios in lower Italy (Pol. 2,39,6) [6]. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Aymard, Le Zeus fédéral achaien Hamarios-Homarios,…

This item can be found on the following maps: Rome | Rome [German version] [1] Main town of the Caturiges Main town of the Caturiges. On a rocky plinth towering above the Durance, the pre-Roman oppidum and the Roman town occupied the place of today's urban development (Embrun). Important station on the road from southern Gaul to northern Italy. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography P.-A. Fevrier, Archéologie dans les Hautes-Alpes, 1991, 242-244. [German version] [2] Gallo-Roman vicus, today Yverdon-les-Bains Gallo-Roman vicus with a pre-Roman sulphur spring still in use toda…

I. Italy [German version] A. Albulae Sulphurous sources of the Lago della Soforata on the right bank of the  Anio, 16 km from Rome; cult site. The springs are cold and have healing properties;  Nero had them canalized into the Domus Aurea. Large Roman   villa near Bagni della Regina. CIL XIV 3908-18. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] A. Angae In Bruttium between Consentia and Vibo Valentia, today Terme Caronte of Lamezia Terme. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] A. Apollinares Thermal springs between Careiae and  Tarquinii (It. Ant. 300); unidentified (…

[German version] (Φαισάνα; Phaisána). Town on the river Alpheus (Pind. Ol. 6,34f.) in the district of Pisatis (Istrus FGrH 334 F 41; Didymus, schol. Pind. Ol. 6, 55a); Phaesana is possibly identifiable as Phrixa. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography F. Carinci, s.v. Elide, EAA 2. Suppl. 2, 1994, 450.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Commerce (Πιτάνα/ Pitána, Πιτάνη/ Pitánē). District of Sparta (Pind. Ol. 6,28; Hdt. 3,55; Paus. 3,16,9; Plut. Mor. 601b) west and southwest of the acropolis, preferred as a residential area: even Menelaus [1] is supposed to have lived there (Eur. Tro. 112ff.; Paus. 3,14,6). The grave monument of the royal family of the Agiads (Paus. 3,14,2ff.) also lay there. With Mesoa, Cynosura, Limnae and Amyclae, P. was one of the five villages to form the foundling polis Sparta. P. formed one of the divisions (ὠβά/ ōbá) of the Spartan cit…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Colonization | Batavian Revolt (Ἀντίπολις; Antípolis). Harbour town in Gallia Narbonensis, modern Antibes, inhabited from the 10th cent. BC, a colony of  Massalia in the territory of the Deciates, opposite of Nicaea (thus its name: Str. 4,1,5; 9. Plin. HN 3,5,34). In 154 BC, A. was harried by the  Ligures, and called for Rome to help: Pol. 33,7,2. Greek and Latin inscriptions: IG XIV, 2424-30; CIL XII 165-246 [1]. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Chastagnol, Inscr. lat. de Narbonnaise 2, 1992. J. Clergues, A…

[German version] People in Aquitaine between the Elusates and the Ausci (only in Caes. B Gall. 3,27). Lafond, Yves (Bochum)

[German version] [1] Left tributary of the Rhodanus Left tributary of the Rhodanus, modern Isère, has its source in the  Alpes Graiae as a mountain stream ( torrens: Plin. HN 3,33; maximum flumen: Cic. Fam. 10,15,3) and flows through the territory of the Allobroges. In 218 BC Hannibal marched upstream from the confluence of the I. and the Rhodanus (Pol. 3,49; Liv. 21,31). It was here that Q. Fabius Maximus beat the Arverni in 121 BC (Flor. Epit. 1,37,4). Further evidence: Str. 4,1,11; 2,3; 6,6; Ptol. 2,10,4; Cass. Dio 37,47. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography P. Guichonnet (ed.), Histoir…

[German version] (Παρθένιον/ Parthénion). The lowest part of the Argive-Arcadian border range (elevation up to 1215 m at Hagios Elias) with important roads connecting the Argolid and Arcadia (Arcadians), at elevations from 753 to 900 m, still called Partheni today. Sources: Hdt. 6,105,1ff. [1. 472f.]; Paus. 8,6,4; 54,6f. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography 1 Jost. Pritchett 3, 1980, 81-95; 4, 1982, 80-87; 6, 1989, 107-111  Müller, 820.

[German version] Fortified high-altitude settlement ( oppidum?) between Béziers and Narbonne on a hill c. 120 m high, well protected by steep slopes to the north and to the east; it ruled a plain surrounded by ponds and crossed by an important traffic route between the Iberian and Italian peoples. Three settlement phases are documented by ceramic finds (end of 6th cent. BC ─ end of 1st cent. AD). The second phase ( c. 425-220 BC) includes the building of a city wall (4th cent.), and of the necropolis with its numerous Celtic finds; there is evidence of trading relati…

[German version] (Λουσοί/ Lousoí; ethnicon inscription Λουσιάτας/ Lousiátas; literary also Λουσιεύς, Λουσεύς probably after the Attic demoticon). Town in northern Arcadia between Cynaetha and Cleitor near modern Chamakou (at a height of about 1,000 m), sanctuary of Artemis Hemera, Hemerasia games. The sanctuary lies in the foothills of Chelmos southwest of modern Ano-L. and Kato-L. above a small plain in the south. Building remains only from the 4th-3rd cents. BC (propylaea, bouleuterion, Doric temple)…

[German version] A. Land and population in pre-Roman times G. comprises the most western part of the European rump, between the Rhine, the Alps, the Mediterranean, the Pyrenees and the Atlantic. Five large river-systems supply the land with water: the Garumna (Garonne) in the south-west, the Liger (Loire) in the centre and the west, the Sequana (Seine) in the north, the Mosa (Maas) with a tributary of the Rhine, the Mosella (Mosel), in the north-east, and the most important water vein, the Rhodanus (Rhôn…

[German version] (Μύρσινος; Mýrsinos). Town of the Epeii tribe in Elis (Hom. Il. 2,616). According to Str. 8,3,10, Myrtoúntion it was 70 stades to the north of the town of Elis on the coast (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Μ.). There is a debate surrounding its identification with a fortress on Cape Araxus in the northwest of the Peloponnese [1. 17-19]. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography 1 B. Sergent, Sur les frontières de l'Élide aux hautes époques, in: REA 80, 1978, 16-35.

[English version] Großes kelt. Volk (Pol. 2,17,4; Strab. 5,1,6; nach Liv. 5,34,9 Gau der Haedui) einfacher Lebensart (Pol. l.c.) in Oberit., östl. der Salassi (Ptol. 3,1,34) und Libici (Ptol. 3,1,36), westl. der Cenomanni [3] (Ptol. 3,1,33; Pol. 2,17,4; Strab. 5,1,9) und des Flusses Klusios (Κλούσιος, Pol. 2,32,4) mit dem Hauptort Mediolan(i)um (Liv. 5,34,9; Plin. nat. 3,124; Strab. 5,1,6). Weitere Städte der I. (Ptol. 3,1,33): Comum, Ticinum (Cic. fam. 15,16,1), Novaria, Acerae (Pol. 2,24,4f.), V…

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Achaioi, Achaia | Dunkle Jahrhunderte | Hellenistische Staatenwelt | Makedonia, Makedones | Naturkatastrophen (Αἴγιον). Stadt in Achaia am Golf von Korinth (Hom. Il. 2,574; Hdt. 1,145; Ps.-Skyl. 42; Strab. 8,7,5, und auch Ptol. 3,16,5; Hierokles 647; Geogr. Rav. 5,13). A. erhebt sich in drei Stufen über dem Meeresspiegel am Rande einer leicht westl. abfallenden Hochebene, die sich nach Süden bis ans Bergland ausdehnt, auf einer geschützten Reede zw. z…

[English version] [1] Fluß in den Pyrenäen Fluß, der in den Pyrenäen (Pyrene [2]) entspringt und an R. [2] vorbei ins Mittelmeer mündet (Strab. 4,1,6: Ῥουσκίνων; Pol. bei Athen. 8,332a: Ῥόσκυνος; Ptol. 2,10,2: Ῥουσκίων; Avien. ora maritima 567: Roschinus). Plin. nat. 3,32 nennt den Fluß Tetum (Mela 2,84: Telis); h. Têt. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) [English version] [2] Keltisches oppidum (Ῥουσκίνων). Keltisches oppidum im Gebiet der Volcae Tectosages (Ptol. 2,10,9: Ῥουσκινόν) am R. [1] (Strab. 4,1,6: Ῥουσκίνων); h. Château Roussillon,…

(Κυνόσουρα, “Hundeschwanz”). Name mehrerer Landzungen. [English version] [1] Landspitze an der Ostküste der Insel Salamis Landspitze an der Ostküste der Insel Salamis, 4 km lang und schmal (Hdt. 8,76,1; 77,1). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten 1, 870. [English version] [2] Landzunge im NO der Bucht von Marathon Schmale Landzunge im NO der Bucht von Marathon, an der 490 v.Chr. die pers. Flotte landete (Paus. 1,32,3; 7), h. Kap Stomi. Auf der K. Mauerzüge unbekannter Zeitstellung und Funktion [1]. Belege: Ptol. 3…

[English version] ( Elvii, Elvi oder Ilvi, Caes. civ. 1,35; Ἑλουοί, Strab. 4,2,1). Kelt. Volksstamm, dessen Gebiet (h. Dép. Ardèche) am rechten Ufer der Rhône im Norden an die Segusiavi, im Westen an die Vellavii und Gabali und im Süden an die Volcae Arecomici grenzte. Die Cevennen trennten sie von den Arverni (Caes. Gall. 7,8). 52 v.Chr. standen sie im Krieg gegen Vercingetorix auf der Seite Caesars. Bei der Neugliederung der Prov. unter Augustus wurden sie zu Aquitania geschlagen (Strab. l.c.), gehö…