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b. 4 December AD 34 in Volaterrae (Etruria); d. 24 November AD 62 in Rome; important Roman satirical poet alongside Lucilius [I 6] , Horatius [7] (Horace) and Iuvenalis . Works Six satires are extant, in the spirit of Stoic philosophy (with a total of 650 verses; the 6th satire is fragmentary). In addition, 14 choliambs are transmitted at the opening or end of the manuscripts; these are generally regarded as introductory poems. According to the early medieval biography, which itself was based on ancient sources, the lyric poe…

b. between AD 115 and 125 in Samosata in Syria; d. ca. AD 190; important Greek author of rhetoric, popular-philosophical, satirical, and autobiographical works (mainly dialogues). Works The diverse Corpus Lucianeum is comprised of 80 works. Of these, nos. 12 ( Makróbioi), 72 ( Alkyṓn ē Perí metamorphṓseòn), and 74 ( Ōkýpus) are undoubtedly spurious. The authenticity of the following works is controversial: nos. 18 ( Pseudosophistḗs ē Soloikistḗs), 39 ( Lúkios ē Ónos), 49 ( Érōtes), and 58 ( Demosthénus enkṓmion). Wrongly attributed to him are: nos. 81 ( Epistolaí), 82 ( Philópatris ē Di…

b. 428/7 BC in Athens; d. 348/7 in Athens; important Greek philosopher. Works All works published by Plato are completely extant. However, because his works were only put into systematic order some time after his death, some spurious texts have been included in the corpus. The entire corpus is comprised of three main parts: (1) 36 treatises ordered in tetralogies ( Tetr.) (34 dialogues, the Apology of Socrates, and an anthology of 13 letters); (2) an anthology of – probably post-Platonic – definitions ( Hóroi); and (3) 6 minor dialogues ( Perì dikaíou; Perì aretḗs; Dèmódokos; Sísyphos…

b. 384 BC in Stagira (Chalcidice); d. 322 BC in Chalcis (Euboea); Greek polymath of singular importance. Works Ancient catalogues of Aristotle’s works list approximately 200 titles. Thirty-eight works that have been transmitted in manuscript form are collected in the Corpus Aristotelicum; it contains some spurious material. One other work, the Athènaíòn politeía, became known through papyrus finds. The general nature of these writings is didactic; they were intended for teaching purposes, and were never published. Also known are fragments of 19 dialogues and the Protrepticus, an…

b. ca. AD 480 in Rome; executed in AD 524 near Pavia; Roman statesman, scholar, philosopher and theologian. Works The extant works comprise writings on the Artes liberales ( De institutione arithmeticae; De institutione musicae), on logic (translations, commentaries and treatises), theological works ( Opulusca sacra), and the Consolatio philosophiae. The chronology remains vague. The only securely dated works are his translation and commentary of the Aristotelian Categories (510), and the Consolatio (523/24). The works on logic include: (1) Boethius’ own five treatises ( De dif…

active around AD 250 in Alexandria; Greek mathematician. Works Only his major work, the Arithmètiká, are preserved in large parts. Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Ἀριθµητικά/Arithmētiká ( Arithmet.) Arithmetica Arithmetic Problems Treatise on number-theoretical and algebraic problems in 13 bks., of which six bks. are preserved in GK ( Arithmet. gr.) and four more in Arab. ( Arithmet. arab.) Manuscripts Name / Number Dating Selection Content / Notable Features 1 Matritensis 48 13th cent. Arithmet. gr. Oldest MS 2 Marcianus Venetus 308 15th cent…

5th cent. BC Works A writing called Constitution of the Athenians has been transmitted under the name of the Greek historian Xenophon [2]. The work is from the 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC. The attribution to Xenophon is nowadays considered false. Editions Since the Editio princeps (Venice 1525), the work has regularly been edited as a part of the collected works of Xenophon; it has been known in Latin translations since 1534. Works Greek title Latin title English title Dating Brief description 1 Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία / Athēnaíōn politeía Res publica Atheniensium Constitution of the Athenians P…

b. ca. 350 BC; d. ca. 290 BC; eminent Greek mathematician, most active around 300 BC; lived primarily in Alexandria. Works It is through his Stoicheía/Elementa that Euclid became the most important teacher of mathematics “of all peoples and all generations”. Five shorter works have also been preserved. Other works are lost; a further text, Perì diairéseōn / On Divisions ( of Figures) is extant only in Arabic Medieval texts. Titles such as De levi et ponderosa / On the Light and the Heavy are probably derived from Euclid via Arabic adaptations. Manuscripts Two ancient editions can be ver…

AD 190; eminent Greek miscellanist. Works An incomplete version of the Deipnosophistaí exists in 15 books. Yet, there is a complete epitome, probably of Byzantine origin, which covers approximately 60 per cent of the full text when the same divisions into separate books are applied. Hundreds of quotations from a large number of authors, most of who are now lost, have augmented our knowledge of Greek literature. Only the titles of two further works are known. Manuscripts The transmission of the manuscript hinges on Marcianus Venetus gr. 447 (10th cent.); Giovanni Aurispa,…

b. in the 1st half of the 6th cent. BC in Megara (Greece); d. in the 2nd half of the 6th cent. BC; Greek elegiac poet. Works One thousand three hundred and eighty-nine verses are extant under the name of Theognis. It is doubtful that they are all the work of a single poet. At present, the collective works, known as Corpus Theognideum, are divided into two books. Book 1 (vv. 1–1230) consists of four parts: (1) addresses to gods (vv. 1–18); (2) Cymus poems (vv. 19–254), most likely the part by Theognis himself; (3) excerpts from other Greek elegiacs (vv. 255…

Terminus ante quem: middle of the 1st cent. BC; author of a utopian Greek novel. Works Fragments of a novel are preserved in the paraphrase of Diodorus [18], Library of History 2,55–60. Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 without title Utopian novel with the description of a blissful island Modern translations (complete works) Translator Selection / Vols. Place / Series Year Language 1 B. Kytzler Im Reiche des Eros, vol. 2, 678–684 (Munich) 1983 GE Modern bilingual editions (complete works) Translator Selection / Vols. Place / Series Year Language 1 C.H.…

b. 384/ 3 BC in Attica; d. 322 BC in Calauria; Attic orator and politician. Works The following works have been preserved under the name of Demosthenes ( Corpus Demosthenicum): 61 orations (some spurious), a collection of 56 proems (partially spurious), and one of six letters ( Epist.; probably spurious). The orations can be grouped into four classes: (1) political speeches (nos. 1–17); (2) judicial orations for public (political) trials (nos. 18–26); (3) speeches for private prosecutions (nos. 27–59); and (4) epideictic speeches (nos. 60–61). Papyri The numerous papyri do not of…

lived in Alexandria around 175 BC; Greek mathematician and astronomer. E / T For editions, translations, and commentaries of Perì dṓdekaédrou kaì eikosaédrou cf. Euclides [3], Stoicheîa. Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Ἁναφορικός / Anaphorikós ( Anaph.) De ascensionibus On the Rising of Stars (On Rising Times) Calculation of the time it takes for the signs of the zodiac to rise at the specific geogr. location of Alexandria; division of the ecliptic into 360 degrees 2 Περὶ δωδεκαέδρου καὶ εἰκοσαέδρου / Perì dōdekaédrou kaì eikosaédrou ( Dodek. eiko…

b. ca AD 185/6 in Alexandria; d. in AD 254, probably in Tyre; important Greek Christian theologian and philosopher; teacher at the Catechetical School of Alexandria, and successor to Clemens [3] of Alexandria. Works Only a small part of his works is extant, half of which in Latin translation. Prominent among the lost works are his commentaries and homilies on the Bible. Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Ἑξαπλᾶ (Βιβλία)/Hexaplâ (Biblía) ( Hex.) Hexapla The Sixfold Bible 228–245 Text-crit. edn. of the OT, extant in frgs.: (1) Heb. text; (2) H…

b. AD 125 in Madaurus (North Africa); d. no later than ca. AD 190; novelst, philosopher and orator; of his Latin and Greek works only those in Latin have been preserved. Works The preserved œuvre is heterogenous, and includes: (1) the novel Metamorphoses, (2) rhetorical-biographical works ( Apologia; Florida), and (3) philosophical writings ( De deo Socratis; De mundo; De Platone et eius dogmate). The following must be regarded as pseudepigrapical: Asclepius and Perì hermèneías, the poem Anechomenos ex Menandro, and one poem transmitted in Gellius [6], 19,11,4. No accurate…

Works Major anthology of Greek epigrams by hundreds of poets from 16 cents.; consists of the collection of the Anthologia Palatina (3,700 poems) in 15 books and, as book 16, 388 additional poems only preserved in the Anthologia Planudea (so-called Appendix Planudea). Translations Partial translations, especially into Latin, began to appear in the middle of the 16th cent. Works Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Anthologia Palatina ( Anth. Palat.) Palatine Anthology ca. 980 Collection of ca. 3,700 GK poems, arranged systematically and comprising ca. 23,…

b. 378/7 BC on Chios; d. shortly after 320 BC; Greek historiographer; representative of the rhetorical school of historiography (alongside Ephorus of Cyme). Works His works (speeches, pamphlets, and historical writings) are extant only in fragments. Only his main work, the History of Philip (the Macedonian king Philippus [4]), can be reasonably well identified. About 370 fragments with approximately 500 lines of verbatim quotations are extant. Translation / Commentaries English translation of the FGrH with updated commentary in the online edition of Brill’s New J…

b. ca. 450 BC in Athens; d. after 388 BC; Greek comic dramatist. Works Eleven of the 44 (54) plays are extant. Papyri The papyrus fragments have added only a small number of unknown texts. Manuscripts Most of the extant manuscripts, which number over 230, only contain the Byzantine triad ( Batr.; Neph.; Plut.). Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Ἀχαρνῆς/Acharnês ( Ach.) Acharnenses The Acharnians 425 BC Comedy appealing for peace in the Peloponnesian War 2 Βάτραχοι/Bátrachoi ( Batr.) Ranae The Frogs 405 BC Comedy about the best tragedian 3 Εἰρήνη/Eirḗnē …

ca. AD 500; author of a treatise on hieroglyphs. Works Greek treatise with allegorical-symbolical explanations of the Egyptian hieroglyphs that played a crucial role in the development of the emblematic genre during the Renaissance. Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Ἱερογλυφικά / Hieroglyphiká Hieroglyphica Hieroglyphics Explanation of the Egyp. hieroglyphs Manuscripts Name / Number Dating Selection Content / Notable Features 1 Mediceus Laurentianus 69,27 14th cent. (?) Discovered by Cristoforo Buondelmonti in 1419 Early editions Editor S…

b. ca. 350 BC; d. shortly after 264 BC; Greek historian. Works His main work, extant only in fragments, depicts the history of Sicily from the mythical age to the death of Agathocles [2] (289/8 BC) within the context of the history of the western Greek sphere. The supplementary book, On Pyrrhus (also extant only in fragments), continues the historical account with the Pyrrhic War, and the period up to 264 BC (including the history of Rome). The work is well identifiable from 164 fragments. This is thanks to Diodorus [18] , who …