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Art 1. Art, in both its general and its special meanings, is a compound concept. First, it refers to any capacity of a person that presupposes a special knowledge and formative practice. The Latin word ars comprehensively denotes skills, crafts, arts, sciences. Only since the eighteenth century has ‘art’ more restrictively denoted the totality of only and all works created by formed or trained specialists called artists—although certain ideas moving in this more specific direction can indeed be found in the ancients and in the Re…

1. The concept ‘art religion’ was developed by G. W. F. Hegel, in his Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807; “Phenomenology of Mind”), where he presents, in his system of the three realms of absolute Mind—Art, Religion, and Philosophy—a specific form from the past: “The Greek Religion is the religion of art itself.”1 Furthermore, the concept of art religion includes the reflections of the relation between art and religion. These reflections, around 1800, with the division between artists and clients that followed, constitute a contribution to the re…

[German Version] (Dec 22, 1815, Basel – Nov. 25, 1887, Basel) studied ancient cultures and jurisprudence (in Berlin), became professor of Roman law in Basel in 1841, judge in 1842, and city councilman in 1844. With the exception of his office as criminal judge, he resigned from all public offices in 1844/1845 and became a private scholar. Bachofen's most notab…