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Meibom, Marcus

(399 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Danish ancient philologist and historian of music. Born 1630 (?) in Tønning (Schleswig), died Utrecht 1710. Active at the court of Queen Christina of Sweden around 1652, later prof. at Sorø (Denmark) and the Athenaeum in Amsterdam (to 1670?). Work and influence M.’s chief work was the 1652 publication of his treatise on ancient Greek music [1], compiling musicological writings by Aristoxenus, Euclid, Nicomachus of Gerasa, Alypius, Gaudentius, Bacchius and Aristides together with his own Latin translation and the seventh book (on music) of Martianus Capella’s De nuptiis Philologia…

Gothofredus, Jacobus

(399 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Godefroy, Jacques; Swiss jurist, politician and publisher. Born Geneva 13. 9. 1587, died there 22. 6. 1652. Studied law at Bourges and Geneva. 1619 prof. of law at Geneva Academy; 1632–1636 Staatsschreiber (secretary-general of the cantonal administration). Syndic of the city of Geneva in 1637, 1641, 1645 and 1649. Teaching career at Academy resumed alongside political activities after 1638. Life and works G. was born into a family of Genevese scholars. Among the publications of his father, the jurist Denis Godefroy, was a comprehensively annotated version…

Grotius, Hugo

(1,184 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Dutch teacher of constitutional law, polymath and statesman. Born Delft 10. 4. 1583, died after a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea at Rostock, 28. 8. 1645. Studied as an 11-year-old at Univ. of Leiden; 1607 advocaat-fiscaal to the States of Holland. Syndic of the city of Rotterdam 1613. Follower of the Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, who was executed in the course of the so-called Remonstrant Dispute of 1619; arrested that same year and sentenced to life imprisonment. Escaped 1621, with his wife’s help, hidden in a crate of …

Ramler, Karl Wilhelm

(549 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
German literary theorist, poet and translator. Born Kolberg 25. 2. 1725, died Berlin 11. 4. 1798. Studied theology at Halle from 1742, then medicine at Berlin. 1746 tutor in Lähme, 1747 in Berlin. 1748–1790 prof. of philosophy at the Kadettenkorps school in Berlin, where his most important student was Karl von Knebel, future friend of Goethe and translator of Lucretius. From 1786 a member of the Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften. R.’s acquaintances included Ludwig Gleim, Moses Mendelssohn, Friedrich Nicolai and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Work and influence R. was active as a…

Heyne, Christian Gottlob

(1,547 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
German antiquarian, publisher and librarian. Born Chemnitz 25. 9. 1729, died Göttingen 14. 7. 1812. Studied jurisprudence at Leipzig ¶ from 1748. 1753 copyist and court librarian to Count Heinrich von Brühl at Dresden; 1757 tutor to Count von Boitzen. From 1763, prof. of eloquence at Univ. of Göttingen; 1764 chief librarian. 1770 secretary of the Societät der Wissenschaften and editor of the Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen. Biography, career and works H. came from a poor family: his father was a linen weaver. His school years and his time studying at the Univ. of L…

DuCange, Charles du Fresne

(490 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
French jurist and lexicographer. Born Amiens 18. 12. 1610, died Paris 23. 10. 1688. After studying law at Orléans from 1631, worked as lawyer in Paris. 1638 marriage to the wealthy Catherine Du Bos. 1645–1668 trésorier of Amiens, succeeding his father-in-law, thereafter private scholar in Paris. Best documentation of biographical data in [4. Vol. 10, I–XXVI]. Works and influence D.’s lasting influence, which endures to this day, was achieved through his lexicographic works. His Glossarium on the authors of late antiquity and the Middle Ages was first published in 1678…

Graevius, Johann Georg

(401 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Gräve, Johann; German philologist. Born Naumburg 29. 1. 1632, died Utrecht 11. 1. 1703. After attending school at Pforta, studied law at Leipzig, then philology with Johann Friedrich Gronovius at Deventer and Alexander Morus and David Blondel at Amsterdam. 1656, prof. of eloquence at Duisburg. 1657 succeeded Gronovius at Deventer; prof. of eloquence there 1661, also of history and politics from 1667. Court historian to Stadholder Willem III of Orange. Refused many appointments, notably to Padua. Work and influence G. emerged as an editor and commentator on ancient writers …

Tursellinus, Horatius

(384 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Torsellini, Orazio; Italian Humanist and scholar. Born Rome 1545, died Florence 1599 (or 6. 4. 1609). Initially teacher at Collegium Romanum in Rome, then head of the Jesuit colleges in Rome, Florence and Loreto. Life and works T. wrote several historical works, including a life of the founder-member of the Society of Jesus, Francis Xavier. His most important historical work was the Historiarum epitomae [2] in ten books. It became the most widely-read Catholic history textbook of the 17th cent., circulating in many European countries well into the 18th cent…

Taubmann, Friedrich

(416 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
German philologist and Latin poet. Born Wonsees (Upper Franconia) 15. 5. 1565, died Wittenberg 24. 3. 1634. School from 1578 at Lateinschule in Kulmbach, from 1582 scholarship to the Fürstenschule Heilsbronn; from 1592 studied at Univ. of Wittenberg. 1593 ¶ crowned poeta laureatus. 1595 appointed prof. of poetry at Wittenberg on the initiative of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I, holding the post for life. Lifelong connections with the Electoral Court of Saxony, where he was kurzweiliger Rat (‘amusing councillor’). Work and influence T. achieved renown as a Latin author, in particul…

Scheller, Immanuel Johann Gerhard

(783 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
German philologist. Born Ihlow (Electorate of Saxony) 22. 3. 1735, died Brieg (Silesia, now Brzeg, Poland) 5. 7. 1803. School in Apolda, Eisenberg and elsewhere after the death of his father, from 1752 Thomasschule Leipzig; from 1757 studied theology and philology in Leipzig with Johann August Ernesti. 1761 head of the Lyceum in Lübben (Niederlausitz); from 1771 until his death, rector of the Gymnasium in Brieg. Works S.’s first major work was a ‘Guide’ ( Anleitung) to the ancient authors [1], in which he rejected the mechanical learning of phrases that was still tradi…

Martinius, Matthias

(383 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
German classical philologist. Born 1572 in Freienhagen (Waldeck, Nordhessen), died 30. 12. 1630 in Kirchtimke near Bremen. Studied theology at the Hohe Schule Herborn from 1589. From 1592, tutor to the sons of the Count of Wittgenstein; 1596 also teacher at the Hohe Schule; from 1598 Paedagogiarch at Siegen; ¶ from 1607 pastor at Emden. From 1610 rector of the Gymnasium illustre and prof. of theology at Bremen. At Herborn, M. taught Johann Heinrich Alstedt and was also instrumental in the development of the thought of Johann Amos Comenius. Work and influence M. gained an international …

Hardouin, Jean

(419 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
French Jesuit, theologian and philologist. Born Quimper, Brittany, 23. 12. 1646, died Paris 3. 9. 1729. Jesuit novitiate from 1660; 1683 librarian at the Society’s Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, where he also became prof. of classics and rhetoric. ¶ Life and works The philological work of H. that is of the greatest importance in classical studies is his prodigious and comprehensive commentary on all 37 books of Pliny’s Naturalis historia [1]. There had been great interest in this author in the 15th and 16th cents., but such intensive engagement with him was no lo…

Schmid, Erasmus

(397 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Also Schmied, Schmidt, Schmidius; German classical philologist. Born Delitzsch (Saxony) 17. 4. 1570, died Wittenberg 4. 9. 1637. School at Schulpforta from 1585; 1590–1593 studied at Wittenberg; 1595 stay in Hungary. From 1597, prof. of Greek at Wittenberg; from 1614 also prof. of mathematics. Life and works S.’s most important contribution to the history of philology was his edition of Pindar, which first appeared in 1616 [3]. Alongside the Greek text, this contains a new Latin translation, a commentary on the vocabulary and rhetorical sche…

Scheffer, Johannes

(442 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
German classical philologist and historian. Born Strasbourg 2. 2. 1621, died Uppsala 26. 3. 1679. At Strasbourg Gymnasium a pupil of Johann Heinrich Boeckler. 1648 with his teacher at the court of Queen Christina of Sweden. 1648 named prof. of eloquence and politics at Uppsala; later also honorary prof. of natural and international law, finally also director of the Univ. Library there. Work and influence S. came to prominence primarily as a classical scholar and editor of ancient literature. His editions (e.g. Arrian, Uppsala 1664; Petronius’ Cena Trimalchionis, Uppsala 1665; Phae…

Putschius, Helias

(433 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Elias van Putschen/Putsch; Belgian poet, historian and philologist. Born Antwerp, 6. 11. 1580, the son of a merchant, died Stade 9. 3. 1606. Studied Latin from 1593 with the rector of the Stade Latin School, Petrus Carpentarius. From 1598, legal studies at Leiden – where he was a close associate of Joseph Justus Scaliger – then 1601 at Jena and 1602 or 1603 at Leipzig. Stays at Frankfurt and Heidelberg, where he knew Jan Gruter, Marquard Freher and Jacques Bongars. Work and influence P. emerged at an early age as a stylistically confident and adept Latin poet with some minor o…

Hardouin, Jean

(379 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Franz. Jesuit, Theologe und Philologe. Geb. am 23. 12. 1646 in Quimper in der Bretagne, gest. am 3. 9. 1729 in Paris. Ab 1660 Novize der Jesuiten; 1683 Bibliothekar am Ordenskolleg Louis-le-Grand in Paris; dort auch Prof. der ant. Klassiker und Rhetorik. Leben und Werk Das für die Altertumsforschung bedeutendste philol. Werk H.s ist sein überaus umfangreicher Kommentar zu allen 37 Büchern der Naturalis historia des Plinius [1]. Nach dem großen Interesse, das dieser Autor im 15. und 16. Jh. gefunden hatte, war eine so intensive Beschäftigung mit ihm im 17…

DuCange, Charles du Fresne

(468 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Franz. Jurist und Lexikograph. Geb. am 18. 12. 1610 in Amiens, gest. am 23. 10. 1688 in Paris. Nach dem Studium der Rechtswiss. in Orléans ab 1631 Anwalt in Paris. 1638 Heirat mit der wohlhabenden Catherine Du Bos. 1645–1668 als Nachfolger seines Schwiegervaters Trésorier von Amiens, danach Privatgelehrter in Paris. Beste Dokumentation biographischer Daten bei [4. Bd. 10, I-XXVI]. Werk und Wirkung Nachhaltige Wirkung bis heute hat D. mit seinen lexikographischen Arbeiten erzielt. Sein Glossarium zu den Autoren der spätant. und ma. Zeit erschien zuerst 1678 in drei …

Grotius, Hugo

(1,096 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Niederl. Staatsrechtslehrer, Polyhistor und Staatsmann. Geb. am 10. 4. 1583 in Delft, gest. nach einem Schiffbruch in der Ostsee am 28. 8. 1645 in Rostock. Mit 11 Jahren Studium an der Univ. Leiden; 1607 Advocaat-fiscaal der Staaten von Holland; 1613 Stadtsyndikus von Rotterdam. Anhänger des niederl. Staatsmanns Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, der im Zuge des sog. Remonstrantenstreites 1619 hingerichtet wurde; im selben Jahr Inhaftlierung und Verurteilung zu lebenslanger Gefängnishaft; 1621 mithilfe s…

Martinius, Matthias

(374 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Dt. Altphilologe. Geb. 1572 in Freienhagen (Kreis Waldeck, Nordhessen), gest. am 30. 12. 1630 in Kirchtimke bei Bremen. Ab 1589 Studium der Theologie an der Hohen Schule Herborn; ab 1592 Präzeptor wittgensteinischer Grafensöhne; 1596 auch Lehrer an der Hohen Schule; ab 1598 Paedagogiarch in Siegen; ab 1607 Pfarrer in Emden. ab 1610 Rektor des Gymnasium illustre und Prof. für Theologie in Bremen. M. war in Herborn Lehrer von Johann Heinrich Alstedt und war dort auch wichtig für die Entwicklung des Denkens von Johann Amos Comenius. Werk und Wirkung M. erwarb sich als Theologe und P…

Scheller, Immanuel Johann Gerhard

(725 words)

Author(s): Leonhardt, Jürgen
Dt. Philologe. Geb. am 22. 3. 1735 in Ihlow (Kursachsen), gest. am 5. 7. 1803 in Brieg (Schlesien, h. Polen). Nach dem Tod des Vaters Schulausbildung u. a. in Apolda und Eisenberg, ab 1752 in der Thomasschule in Leipzig; ab 1757 Studium der Theologie und Philologie in Leipzig bei Johann August Ernesti. 1761 Leiter des Lyceums in Lübben (Niederlausitz); von 1771 bis zu seinem Tod Rektor des Gymnasiums in Brieg. Werk Sch.s erstes großes Werk war eine Anleitung zur Erklärung der ant. Autoren [1], in der er das im Lateinunterricht noch übliche mechanische Phrasenlernen …
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