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the Sasanian metropolitan area of several contiguous cities, on both sides of the Tigris and connected by floating bridges, about 35 km southeast of Abbasid Baghdad. MADĀʾEN (lit. “the cities”; Ar. sing. Madina, cf. Aram. pl. Māḥozē or Medinātā), the Sasanian metropolitan area of several contiguous cities, on both sides of the Tigris and connected by floating bridges, about 35 km southeast of Abbasid Baghdad. At the end of the Sasanian period, this metropolis served as the administrative capital, the winter home of the m…

ʿAbdallāh b. ʿĀmir b. Kurayz (b. 4/626, d. between 57/678 and 59/80) was governor of Basra from 29/649–50 to 35/656 and from 41/661 to 44/664. A member of the ʿAbd Shams clan of Quraysh, he was born in Mecca in 4/626. His maternal cousin, the caliph ʿUthmān (r. 23-35/644-56), appointed him governor of Basra in 29/649–50. He completed the conquest of Fārs, taking Iṣṭakhr, Darābjird, and Jūr (Fīrūzābād), occupied part of Kirmān in 30/650, and invaded Khurāsān in 31/651–2, where he took Nīshāpūr, Nas…

the southern part of Mesopotamia, known in the early Islamic period as del-e Irānšahr (lit. “the heart of the kingdom of Iran”), served as the central province of the Sasanian empire as well as that of the ʿAbbasid caliphate.A version of this article is available in printVolume XIII, Fascicle 5, pp. 543-550 IRAQ AND ITS RELATIONS WITH IRANRelations between Iran and Mesopotamia, the core region of present-day Iraq, can be traced back to the early waves of the westward migration of Iranian tribes in the middle of the 2nd millennium B.C.E. when the Irani…