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Meriones

(284 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Μηριόνης; Mēriónēs). Cretan, son of Molus (Molos). As a young soldier efficient in battle and a faithful and devoted follower of Idomeneus [1], he takes part in the Trojan campaign (Hom. Il.). Together with the sons of Nestor, Antilochus and Thrasymedes, M. represents the second guard of the Greek army consisting of younger warriors. This guard performed duties suited to their age (e.g. night watch: ibid. 9,79ff.) and had to prove their worth on the battle field, mainly after the …

Lotophagi

(200 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Λωτοφάγοι; Lōtophágoi, ‘lotus-eaters’). Peaceful, mythical fairytale people, living exclusively on the magical plant lotos. The country of the L. is the second stop on Odysseus' journey; their scouts give Odysseus and his companions a warm welcome and invite them in good faith to eat from the lotos. In doing so, they entirely forget their previously strong urge to return home and have to be brought back to the ship against their will (Hom. Od. 9,82-104). In its core, the L. story corresponds to a widespread fairytale motif [1]. In antiquity and modern t…

Leiodes

(75 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Ληώδης, Λειώδης; Lēṓdēs, Leiṓdēs). The son of Oenops, priest. He is one of Penelope's suitors, whom he loathes, however, keeping to himself. L. is the first suitor to try his luck in the archery contest and is then reproached by Antinous [1] for his supposedly defeatist advice (Hom. Od. 21,144ff.). When Odysseus slays the suitors, L. points out his detached relationship to the others in vain (ibid. 22,310-329). Nünlist, René (Basle)

Talthybius

(130 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Ταλθύβιος; Talthýbios). Herald and follower of Agamemnon (Hom. Il. 1,320 f.), at whose command he and Eurybates [1] unenthusiastically go and fetch from Achilles [1] the object of their dispute, Briseis (ibid. 1,327-347). T. also acts in the service of all Greeks, e.g. when he and the Trojan herald Idaeus [3a] interrupt the single combat between Ajax [1] and Hector (ibid. 7,273-312); as a general Greek herald he also appears in Euripides (Hec., Tro.), who makes the idea of the "un…

Telemachus

(472 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Τηλέμαχος; Tēlémachos). Only son of Odysseus and Penelope (cf. Telegonus). As often, the name of the son ('far fighter') reflects a characteristic of the father [1]. T. is portrayed in the Odyssey as well brought-up but uncertain and lacking initiative. He watches the activities of Penelope's suitors without feeling able to do anything about them, until Athena, in the guise of Mentes [2], encourages him to a more self-assertive demeanour (Hom. Od. 1,269-305). He summons the first …

Laertes

(236 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Λαέρτης; Laértēs). Son of Arcesius and of Chalcomedusa, husband of Anticlea, father of Odysseus (cf. the latter's patronymic, Laertiádēs, ‘son of L.’); in his various depictions, the last is the most important function of L., who has little significance of his own. The image of him in the ‘Odyssey’ is the formative one it has shaped all later representations. Before the beginning of the Trojan War, for reasons of age, L. passes his power to Odysseus. Even when Odysseus does return to assume the th…

Thrinacie

(95 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Θρινακίη; Thrinakíē). Mythical island, near Scylla [1] and Charybdis (Hom. Od. 12,260f.), on which the daughters of the sun god Helios (Sol) mind his sacred oxen. In vain Teiresias and Circe warn Odysseus that his and his companions' fate depends on the oxen's being unharmed (ibid. 11,110-112; 12,137-139): when Odysseus falls asleep, his starving companions, instigated by Eurylochus [1], slaughter the animals (ibid. 12,260-402), and all therefore later die, while Odysseus alone su…

Leocritus

(98 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
(Ληόκριτος, Λειώκριτος; Lēókritos, Leiṓkritos). [German version] [1] Greek participant of the Trojan War Son of Arisbas, participates in the Trojan War on the Greek side and is killed by Aeneas [1] (Hom. Il. 17,344). Nünlist, René (Basle) [German version] [2] Suitor of Penelope A suitor of Penelope. He opposes Mentor, who speaks for Telemachus, in the public assembly, sarcastically approves his travel plans and doubts that the return of Odysseus would constitute a danger to the suitors (Hom. Od. 2,242ff.). He is killed by Telemachus during the slaying of the suitors (ibid. 22,294). Nünl…

Eris

(238 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Ἔρις; Éris). Personification of (often warlike) strife, Latin  Discordia; in allegorical genealogy interpreted as sister of  Ares (Hom. Il. 4,441) or as daughter of  Nyx (Hes. Theog. 224ff., together with other negative ‘abstracta’). In the Iliad, E. (alone or in association with Ares and other personifications) triggers the fighting (Hom. Il. 11,3ff.; 4,439ff.). The post-Homeric Cypria make E. the person actually responsible for the Trojan War due to her instigating the judgement of Paris at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis (Cypria …

Iphianassa

(163 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
(Ἰφιάνασσα; Iphiánassa). [German version] [1] Daughter of Proetus and Stheneboea Daughter of  Proetus and  Stheneboea (Hes. fr. 129,16-24 M-W), cursed together with her sisters Lysippe and Iphinoe with madness owing to disrespect to the cult of Dionysus (Hes. fr. 131 M-W) or slander of Hera (Bacchyl. 11,40ff.). Finally, by sacrificing to Artemis Proteus makes her change Hera's mind. According to another version (Pherecydes, FGrH 3 F 114; Hdt. 9,34), the seer  Melampus heals the daughters after haggling fo…

Laestrygones

(260 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Λαιστρυγόνες; Laistrýgónes). A mythic and fairy-tale-like people of man-eating giants, who raise cattle but do not engage in agriculture (cf. Cyclopes). In the course of his wanderings, Odysseus lands in their country, where the sun never sets. After an initial friendly greeting of his scouts by the king's daughter, the mood shifts when they catch sight of the giant queen. The king, summoned by his wife, devours one of the Greeks, and the rest of the L. destroy the entire fleet.…

Thamyris

(160 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basle)
[German version] (Θάμυρις/ Thámyris, also Θαμύρας/ Thamýras). Mythical singer from Thrace (cf. Orpheus), who in human overestimation of himself challenges the Muses to compete with him and, naturally, loses (for the motif, cf. Marsyas [1], Niobe, Capaneus). As a punishment they take his gift of song away (again) and maim him (Hom. Il. 2,594-600, without further specifying this; Hes. Cat. 65 speaks of blinding). The same subject was probably dealt with by Sophocles in his tragedy Thamyris (TrGF 4 F 236-245), in which the poet himself appeared as an actor (Soph. Test. Ha …

Meriones

(241 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basel)
[English version] (Μηριόνης). Kreter, Sohn des Molos; nimmt als junger, kampfstarker und treu ergebener Gefolgsmann des Idomeneus [1] am Troia-Feldzug teil (Hom. Il.). Zusammen mit den Nestor-Söhnen Antilochos und Thrasymedes repräsentiert M. die aus jüngeren Kämpfern bestehende zweite Garde des Griechenheers. Diese übernimmt ihrem Alter entsprechende Aufgaben (z.B. Nachtwache: ebd. 9,79ff.) und hat sich auf dem Schlachtfeld v.a. nach der Verwundung der Haupthelden zu bewähren (ebd. B. 13-17). M. …

Laërtes

(209 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basel)
[English version] (Λαέρτης). Sohn des Arkeisios und der Chalkomedusa, Ehemann der Antikleia, Vater des Odysseus (vgl. dessen Patronymikon Laertiádēs, “L.-Sohn”); in den verschiedenen Darstellungen ist letzteres die wichtigste Funktion des L., der wenig eigenständige Bed. hat. Maßgeblich und für die Folgezeit prägend ist das Bild der ‘Odyssee: Noch vor Beginn des troianischen Krieges überträgt L. Odysseus aus Altersgründen die Macht und lebt - auch als Odysseus nicht auf den Thron zurückkehrt - abseits vom öffentl…

Kalchas

(240 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basel)
[English version] (Κάλχας, lat. Calchas). Sohn des Thestor, Vogeldeuter und Seher auf dem griech. Feldzug nach Troia, der ‘wußte, was ist und was sein wird und was zuvor gewesen’ (Hom. Il. 1,70). Dem in Aulis zur Abfahrt versammelten Heer prophezeit K. aufgrund eines Vogelzeichens die Eroberung Troias im zehnten Kriegsjahr (Hom. Il. 2,303ff.; Kypria argumentum p. 40 Bernabé). Die Verhinderung der Ausfahrt durch Sturmwinde erklärt er mit Artemis' Zorn und verlangt die Opferung der Iphigeneia (Kypri…

Sirenen

(649 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René | Bäbler, Balbina
(Σειρῆνες/ Seirḗnes; lat. Sirenes, Sirenae). [English version] I. Mythologie weibl. Fabelwesen mit verführendem Gesang S. sind Fabelwesen (im Mythos weiblich) aus dem Umfeld der ant. Seefahrermärchen (der früheste Beleg - freilich ohne Kontext - reicht in myk. Zeit zurück [1]). Ihr verlockender Gesang läßt die Seefahrer die Heimat vergessen (vgl. Lotophagen) und dahinsterben. Von Kirke instruiert, überlistet Odysseus die S.: Seinen Gefährten schmiert er mit Wachs die Ohren zu und läßt sich mit der Anweisung a…

Klonios

(83 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basel)
(Κλονίος). [English version] [1] Befehlshaber der Boioter vor Troia Befehligt mit vier anderen Führern das boiotische Kontingent vor Troia (Hom. Il. 2,495); stirbt im Schiffskampf von der Hand des Agenor [5] (ebd. 15,340). Nünlist, René (Basel) [English version] [2] Gefährten des Aeneas Aeneas (Aineias) [1] hat in seinem Gefolge zwei Clonii, die im Kampf gegen Turnus bzw. Messapus fallen (Verg. Aen. 9,574; 10,749). Ein Aeneas-Gefährte mit Namen Clonius soll die gens Cloelia begründet haben (Paul. Fest. 48,16 L.). Nünlist, René (Basel)

Koiranos

(178 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basel)
(Κοίρανος). [English version] [1] Nachfahre des Melampus Gehört zum Stammbaum des Melampus (Hes. cat. 136,3), seine genaue Stellung darin ist unsicher; Vater des Sehers Poly(e)idos (Pherekydes FGrH 3 F 112; Paus. 1,43,5). Nünlist, René (Basel) [English version] [2] Wagenlenker des Meriones Wagenlenker des Meriones, rettet Idomeneus [1], dem er gerade einen Wagen bringt, dadurch das Leben, daß er an dessen Stelle von Hektors Speer getroffen wird (Hom. Il. 17,611-614). Das Motiv des “Ersatztodes” ist für das homer. Epos typisch [1]. Nünlist, René (Basel) [English version] [3] lyki…

Tydeus

(315 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René | Kinzl, Konrad
(Τυδεύς). [English version] [1] Sohn des Oineus und der Periboia Sohn des Oineus und der Periboia [6]. Weil er einen Verwandten totgeschlagen hat, muß T. seine Heimat verlassen (Motiv: [1. 175]). In Argos gibt ihm Adrastos [1] seine Tochter Deïpyle zur Frau. Ihr gemeinsamer Sohn Diomedes [1] ist vor Troia eifrig darum bemüht, den Leistungen des Vaters in nichts nachzustehen. Als einer der Sieben gegen Theben besiegt T. zunächst als Einzelgesandter die Thebaner in einer Reihe von Wettkämpfen. Auf dem Rückw…

Kebriones

(80 words)

Author(s): Nünlist, René (Basel)
[English version] (Κεβριόνης). Unehelicher Sohn des Priamos, Halbbruder Hektors, der ihn nach Archeptolemos' Tod zu seinem Wagenlenker macht (Hom. Il. 8,318f.). K. nimmt am Sturm auf das griech. Schiffslager teil, der Wagen wird für diese Zeit einem schwächeren Kämpfer anvertraut (ebd. 12,91ff.). Schließlich tötet Patroklos K. mit einem Steinwurf und verhöhnt den vom Wagen stürzenden, indem er ihn mit einem Taucher vergleicht (ebd. 16,737-750). Nünlist, René (Basel) Bibliography P. Wathelet, Dictionnaire des Troyens de l'Iliade, Bd. 1, 1988, 677-679.
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