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1. The Early History of Printing and Publishing Before the invention of paper, written documents were mainly recorded on tortoise shells, bones, stones, metals, wooden boards, silk, and bamboo strips. The historical sources date the development of paper from raw hemp, bark fibers, and rags to 105 CE. Archaeological finds show, however, that paper produced from plant fibers already existed during the Western Han period (206 BCE to 25 CE). In the early stages of printing, seals engraved in jade, metal, ivory, or stone were used for name stamps as well as for prints …