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Muqaddam
(833 words)
The Arabic title
muqaddam (lit. person placed at the head, i.e., appointee) was used in various parts of the Islamic world from the Middle Ages up to early modern times for the designated head of the Jewish community in a city or country. The functions of the office differed with time and place. Originally, it included religious and temporal leadership, but in later times it was exclusively temporal. In the Maghreb, it was often synonymous with the titles nagid,
shaykh al-yahūd, and
qāʾid al-Yahūd.1. Middle AgesIn the documents from the Cairo Geniza, the term
muqaddam is fluid and app…
Kalfon, Shalom
(461 words)
Shalom Kalfon (né Shalom Kalfon-Poney) was born in Sefrou, Morocco in 1927. He attended the Em Habanim schools in Sefrou and Fez and thereafter the Hebrew Teachers Seminar in Casablanca. He became a Zionist youth counselor and was active in clandestine Aliya (ʿAliya Bet – see Zionism Among Sephardi/Mizraḥi Jewry). In 1947, he attempted clandestine immigration to Palestine on the ship Yehuda ha-Levi which was intercepted by the British navy and was interned in Cyprus for three months. In 1948, he…
Duwayk, Avraham Ezra
(13 words)
see Duwayk (Dweck, Dwek, Duek, Douek, Doweck, Dowek) FamilyNorman A. Stillman
Prostitution
(1,748 words)
Although prostitution has existed in every age, prostitution was apparently a rare phenomenon among the Jews of the Islamic world prior to modern times except in periods of great socioeconomic decline and the breakdown of communal discipline.1. The Middle AgesReferences to prostitution are extremely rare in the Cairo Geniza documents and in most medieval sources, and in many cases it is impossible to distinguish whether the reference is to professional prostitution or to licentious behavior, since Heb.
zenut/Ar. z
inā' refer to illicit sex in general. In more than one inst…
Editorial Board
(1,598 words)
Stillman, Norman A.is the Schusterman/Josey Professor of Judaic History at the University of Oklahoma, and is an internationally recognized authority on the history and culture of the Islamic world and on Sephardi and Oriental Jewry. Professor Stillman received his BA (magna cum laude) and PhD in Oriental Studies from the University of Pennsylvania and was a post-doctoral fellow at the Jewish Theological Seminary. He is the author of seven books and numerous articles in several languages. His next…
Muḥammad Riḍā('ῑ) “Jadῑd al-Islam”
(11 words)
see Iqāmat al-Shuhūd fῑ Radd al-YahūdNorman A. Stillman
