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(Ἐπίκτητος; Epíktētos). [German version] [1] Attic red-figured vase painter, c. 520-490 BC Early Attic red-figured vase painter ( c. 520-490 BC); signed many of his vases as painter and collaborated with various potters (early on with Andocides,  Nicosthenes, Pamphaeus and Hischylos, later with Python and Pistoxenus). Possibly a pupil of  Psiax, E. mainly decorated bowls but also several plates, some of which rank with his best works. E. signed one of these plates as painter and potter. Amongst his early works ar…

(Πολύγνωτος; Polýgnōtos). [German version] [1] Greek painter and bronze sculptor Greek painter from Thasos, also bronze sculptor (Plin. HN 34,58), of the early classical period. Hoesch, Nicola (Munich) [German version] I. General His exact dates are unknown; P. worked after the Persian Wars from about 480 until c. 440 BC in Athens and other places in Greece. Because of his ability to translate historical, political and cultural achievements of the Polis into an identifiable pictorial language by means of juxtaposition of mythical and curren…

[German version] Attic red-figure vase painter, active between 470 and 450 BC. The name comes from the reverse of the calyx crater Paris, LV 341, which depicts Apollo and Artemis slaying the children of Niobe. The significance of the other side of the vessel was long disputed; however it has recently been discovered that the figure of Hercules is standing on a pedestal. It is now likely that this figure represents a statue and that the scene shows the Athenian heroes in the Herakleion of Marathon.…

[German version] Very productive painter of Attic red-figured vases who got his name from a magnificent type A amphora in Berlin (SM, Inv. no. F 2160). Primarily a pot painter, he decorated a wide range of shapes, including several rare ones. Slim, elegant figures whose harmonious contours blend in with the shape of the vase, characterize his drawing style, as does also the balance of details, effected by relief, black, and golden dilute glaze lines. The Berlin Painter (BP) preferred the represent…

[German version] [1] Att. red-figure vase painter, approx. 475-450 BC Attic red-figure vase painter whose signature is to be found on 10 of the c. 200 vases attributed to him by scholarship. He worked between 475 and 450 BC and was a pupil of the  Berlin Painter. Of the vessel shapes, he preferred stamnoi, pelikai, neck amphorae, lutrophoroi and cups, with the latter particularly showing the influence of  Macron. The inside of a cup in Brauron (Archaeolog. Mus. A. 39) is decorated in white-ground technique. H. preferre…

[German version] The M. are a large group of 15 or more attic red-figure vase-painters whose affected style retains aspects of the Archaic. Active from c. 480 BC until near the end of the century, they favoured decorating column-kraters, hydriai, and pelikai (see Pottery, shapes and types of)in an old-fashioned manner: elongated figures with small heads whose drapery has groups of stacked folds, picture frames with black ornament, and antiquated subject matter, such as Ajax and Achilles playing a board game.Their figures often gesture …

[German version] Attic red-figured and white-ground vase-painter, so named by J. D. Beazley after the location where a large, red-figured twisted-handled amphora with a depiction of Apollo is preserved: the Rhode Island School of Design (15.005). A pupil of the Berlin Painter, he worked primarily on red-figured Nolan amphorae and lekythoi (Pottery, shapes and types of, figs. A 5 and E 3); he also furnished some smaller lekythoi with white-ground decorations. His favoured themes were scenes of purs…

[German version] Attic red-figure vase painter, named after the former owner of one of his lébētes gamikoí ( lébēs [2]) in Berlin, SM (F 2404). The SP, a productive artist to whom well over 330 vases are ascribed, worked in various workshops. Early in his career (470-460 BC) and in a transitional period (460-455), he was primarily a bowl painter, connected to the workshops of the Brygus Painter, Duris [2] and the Penthesilea Painter. Through most of his middle period (455-440), he decorated red-figured Nolan amphorae, pelikes and lekythoi (Pottery, shapes and types of, figs. A5, …

[German version] Attic red-figured vase painter working between 470/460 and 450/440 BC; specialized in the painting of skyphoi ( Skyphos; Vessels, shapes and types of fig. D.): with the exception of a kantharos from the Athenian Agora, the c. 45 vases known by him are vessels with this shape, most of which belong to type A, but some also to the Corinthian type. Many of the images show themes rarely presented, with gods and pursuit scenes among his preferred subjects. Beazley named the Lewis Painter after the original owner of the skyphos in Cambridge; however, later two vases attribut…

[German version] Attic red-figured and white-ground vase painter, active c. 450-425 BC, named after a red-figured phiale (Boston, MFA 97.371). He painted vessels of very different shapes, but preferred the medium formats, especially Nolan amphorae and lekythoi (Pottery, shapes and types of, fig. A 5 and E 3), like his teacher, the Achilles painter. They worked together in the same workshop along with four important potters and several minor vase painters. More than 200 vases are attributed to the PP. The freely flowing lines of his drawings, which appear sketched and seem…

[English version] Bedeutender att. Vasenmaler, benannt nach einer Achilleus-Darstellung auf einer Typ B-Amphora im Vatikan (Inv. Nr. 16571). Der A. war ein Schüler des Berliner Malers und dekorierte Gefäße in drei Techniken (sf., rf. und wgr.). Lekythoi und Nolan. Amphoren waren seine bevorzugten Gefäßformen, aber es sind auch zahlreiche andere von ihm bemalte Gefäße erhalten. Seine frühesten Arbeiten sind rf. und um 460 v. Chr. entstanden. Thema, Komposition und Malweise haben deutliche Bezüge zum Berliner Maler. Viele seiner rf. Meisterwerke ensta…

[German version] Important Attic vase painter named after an Achilles representation on a type B amphora in the Vatican (Inv. no. 16571). The Achilles Painter (AP) was a pupil of the  Berlin Painter and decorated vessels using three techniques (black-figured, red-figured and white-grounded). Lekythoi and Nolan amphorae were his preferred vessel shapes, but numerous other vessels decorated by him have survived. His earliest works are red-figured and were made c. 460 BC. Subject, composition and painting style show clear references to the Berlin Painter. Many of hi…

(Δοῦρις; Doûris) [German version] [1] Poet of epigrams Epigrammatic poet from Elea (in Aeolis); author of a remarkable poem on the flood that destroyed Ephesus c. 300 BC (Anth. Pal. 9,424, cf. Steph. Byz. 289,3-16), in all probability from the ‘Garland’ of Meleager. The city was rebuilt shortly afterwards by Lysimachos, who renamed it Arsinoeia after his wife: this happened before 289/8 (cf. Syll.3 368, 24), after the epigram had been written. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography GA I,1, 97; 2, 280f. [German version] [2] Painter of Attic red-figure bowls, c. 505-465 BC One of the most p…

[German version] Red-figured vase painting was invented most likely by the Andocides Painter around 530 BC in Athens, where it continued to be used until near the end of the fourth century. The technique involved primarily drawing figures in outline on the orange-red Attic clay, then filling in the background with black gloss. Relief lines were employed for the more important contours, diluted gloss for the lesser ones and the drawing of the interior, with red and white used sparingly for other details. During the fifth century BC Attic red-figure was the most important fine-w…

[English version] Die M. sind eine große Gruppe von mehr als 15 att.-rf. Vasenmalern, deren gezierter Stil Elemente des Archa. beibehält. Die M. waren von ca. 480 v.Chr. bis fast ans E. des 5. Jh. tätig. Sie bevorzugten die Bemalung von Kolonettenkrateren, Hydrien und Peliken (Gefäße) in altertümlicher Manier: überlängte Figuren mit kleinen Köpfen, deren Gewandung in Gruppen von Treppenfalten angelegt ist, Bildrahmen mit sf. Ornament und antiquierte Themen wie Achilleus und Aias beim Brettspiel. I…

[English version] Attischer rf. Vasenmaler, benannt nach dem früheren Besitzer eines seiner lébētes gamikoí ( lébēs [2]) in Berlin, SM (F 2404). Der S.-M., ein produktiver Künstler, dem weit über 330 Vasen zugeschrieben werden, arbeitete in verschiedenen Werkstätten. In seiner Frühzeit (470-460 v. Chr.) und in der Übergangsperiode (460-455) war er vorwiegend Schalenmaler und mit den Werkstätten des Brygos-Malers, Duris [2] und des Penthesilea-Malers verbunden. Während des größeren Teils seiner mittleren Phase …

(Πολύγνωτος). [English version] [1] griech. Maler und Bronzebildner, 5. Jh. v. Chr. Griech. Maler, zugleich Bronzebildner (Plin. nat. 34,58) der Frühklassik aus Thasos. Hoesch, Nicola (München) [English version] I. Allgemeines Genaue Lebensdaten sind unbekannt; P. wirkte nach den Perserkriegen etwa ab 480 bis ca. 440 v. Chr. in Athen und anderen Orten Griechenlands. Wegen seiner Fähigkeit, histor., polit. und kulturelle Leistungen der Polis durch Gegenüberstellung mythischer und aktueller Ereignisse in eine identitätsstiften…

(Ἐπίκτητος). [English version] [1] att.-rf. Vasenmaler, ca. 520-490 v. Chr. Früh-rf. att. Vasenmaler (ca. 520-490 v.Chr.); signierte viele seiner Vasen als Maler und arbeitete mit verschiedenen Töpfern zusammen (früh mit Andokides, Nikosthenes, Pamphaios und Hischylos, später mit Python und Pistoxenos). Möglicherweise ein Schüler des Psiax, dekorierte E. hauptsächlich Schalen, aber auch mehrere Teller, von denen einige zu seinen besten Werken zählen. Einen dieser Teller signierte E. als Maler und Töpfer…

[English version] Attischer rf. Vasenmaler, tätig zw. 470 und 450 v.Chr. Den Namen erhielt er von der Rs. des Kelchkraters Paris, LV 341, die Apollon und Artemis bei der Tötung der Kinder der Niobe zeigt. Die Deutung der anderen Gefäßseite war lange umstritten, aber die neuere Entdeckung, daß die dort abgebildete Gestalt des Herakles auf einer Basis steht, macht wahrscheinlich, daß diese Figur eine Statue und die Szene die athenischen Heroen im Herakleion von Marathon darstellen. Verschiedene Deta…

[English version] Att. rf. und wgr. Vasenmaler, den J. D. Beazley nach dem Aufbewahrungsort einer großen rf. Strickhenkelamphora mit einer Apollondarstellung in der Rhode Island School of Design (15.005) so genannt hat. Er war Schüler des Berliner-Malers und arbeitete vorwiegend auf rf. Nolanischen Amphoren und Lekythen (Gefäßformen Abb. A 5 und E 3); einige kleinere Lekythen versah er auch mit wgr. Dekor. Verfolgungsszenen und Götterbilder waren seine bevorzugten Themen, aber auf vereinzelten Schalen, Hydrien oder Stamnoi gab er auch myth. Themen wieder. Über 170 Vasen sin…