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[German Version] Kyoto School, a native Japanese philosophical school which was founded at the philosophical faculty of the University of Kyoto, Japan, under the leadership ¶ of Kitaro Nishida (1870–1945) and which spread beyond Kyoto in its further development. Nishida studied the Western philosophy of I. Kant, J. Fichte, G.W.F. Hegel, and others, as well as the psychology of W. James, at the University of Tokyo. This was the dawn of European philosophy in Japan. Nishida's study of Western philosophy was grounded in his…

[German Version] (Mar 8, 1909, Utsunomia – Jun 26, 1984, Fukuoka), Japanese philosopher strongly influenced by Kitaro Nishida and K. Barth. His roots were in Zen (II) Buddhism. After basic studies, he decided to study law at the University of Tokyo but broke off his legal studies in 1927 and moved to the philosophical faculty of the University of Kyushu. There he became assistant professor and later full professor of philosophical ethics. He concentrated on Nishida’s Zen dialectics of nothingness.…

[German Version] (Jan 2, 1916, Kumamoto – Sep 29, 1998, Takasaki), was a pastor in the Lutheran Church and the United Church of Christ in Japan (Perfect Liberty Kyodan) and professor of theology at Tokyo Union Seminary. He became known worldwide for his concept of the “pain of God” in his chief work, Theology of the Pain of God (1946). Kitamori studied in the state high school in Kumamoto and was baptized in the Lutheran church there. His baptism was for him an actual experience of redemption, which he later defined by applying the concept of the “pain…