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Naresii

(72 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Ναρήσιοι; Narḗsioi). Illyrian tribe (Ptol. 2,16,8) on the upper and lower Neretva/Hercegovina. The N. were among those conquered by the future Augustus in connection with his Dalmatian campaign (Dalmatae) of 35/33 BC (App. Ill. 47). Incorporated into the Roman province of Illyricum, they participated in the conventus of Narona (Plin. HN 3,143) with 102 decuriae. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography I. Bojanovski, Bosna i Hercegovina u antičko doba, 1988, 379.

Phrixa

(115 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Φρίξα/ Phríxa). Settlement in western Arcadia or south-eastern Elis or Triphylia (Xen. Hell. 3,2,30), east of Pisatis on the left bank of the Alpheius [1], where the Leucyanias flows into it from the north (Hdt. 4,148,4: Φρίξαι/ Phríxai; Paus. 6,21,5f.; Str. 8,3,12; Steph. Byz. s.v. Μάκιστος). It stood on a prominent hill (305 m; modern Paliophanaro) at what today is once more known as Phrixa, 9 km east of Olympia. P. later adopted the name Phaestus, probably also Phaesana (Steph. Byz. s.v. Φαιστός). Even by the tim…

Peltae

(123 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Xenophon (Πέλται; Péltai). Settlement, already in existence by the end of the 5th cent. BC (cf. Xen. An. 1,2,10) and subsequently a Seleucid military colony (coin: HN 682: ΠΕΛΤΗΝΩΝ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΩΝ; PELTĒNŌN MAKEDONŌN) in Phrygia (Str. 12,8,13; 13,4,13: τὸ Πελτηνὸν πεδίον; tò Peltēnòn pedíon; Ptol. 5,2,25; Steph. Byz. s.v. Π.; Hsch. s.v. Βέλτη/ Béltē, possibly misspelled for Π./ P., cf. [1. 120 § 145]; Pelteni, Plin. HN 95; 106) on the upper reaches of the Meander [2] (cf. the coin HN 682: ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟΣ; MAIANDROS), presumed south of…

Azanes, Azania

(54 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Ἀζάνες, Ἀζανία; Azánes, Azanía). Tribe and region (of proverbial inhospitableness, cf. Zenob. 2,54; Diogenianus 1,24) between the rivers of Erymanthus and Ladon, at the border of Arcadia with  Elis (Str. 8,3,1; 8,1).  Paeon was a town of the A. (Hdt. 6,127). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten 3, 1, 1959, 211.

Chalybes

(116 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Χάλυβες; Χάλυβοι; Chálybes, Chályboi, Hecat. FGrH 1 F 203). A people famous for their skill in ironwork; they were even credited with the invention of iron; indeed the extraction and working of gold and silver were associated with the C. Sometimes located on the north shore of the Black Sea (original homeland? Aesch. PV 714f.), but generally in the northern Anatolian mountains west of the  Halys (Hdt. 1,28), extending in the east as far as  Pharnacaea and  Trapezus (Str. 12,3,19ff.), in the south to the territory of the Armenians. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliogra…

Gerunium

(65 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] Town in Apulia, 200 stadia (= 24 miles) from  Luceria (Pol. 3,100,3) on a side-road reaching the coastal road between Larinum and Teanum Apulum (Tab. Peut. 6,3), can probably be located near Castel Dragona to the south of Fortore. In 217-216 BC, it served as Hannibal's winter quarters (Pol. 3,100ff.; Liv. 22,18ff.; App. Hann. 15f). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography Nissen 2, 785.

Tauris

(56 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] Island between Pharus [2] and Corcyra [2] Melaina off the Dalmatian coast (Tab. Peut. 6,4), modern Šćedro (in Croatia). Caesar's legate P. Vatinius [I 2] was victorious at T. over the fleet of Pompey's party in 47 BC (Bell. Alex. 45,1,2). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography M. Kozlic̆ić, Historical Geography of the Eastern Adriatic, 1990, 300.

Dokimeion

(69 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Marble (Δοκίμειον; Dokímeion). Town in Phrygia maior (Steph. Byz. s.v. Δ.; Str. 12,8,14: Δοκιμία κώμη; Ptol. 5,2,24: Δοκίμαιον; Hierocles [8], Synecdemus 677: Δοκίμιον;  Asia Minor III E.) on the road from Apamea [2] to Amorion (modern Hisar Köyü) near modern İscehisar. On the broken marble at D. cf.  Syn(n)ada.  Marble (with map) Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography Belke/Mersich, 237f.

Achaia

(723 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] In its meeting of 13 January 27 BC, the Senate resolved to set up A. as a senatorial province (Cass. Dio 53,12; Str. 17,3,25), comprising central Greece and the  Peloponnese together with  Epirus, Acarnania ( Acarnanians) including the Ionian islands, also  Aetolia,  Thessaly,  Sporades,  Cyclades excluding Astypalaea and Amorgus, but with  Euboea. A. was to be governed by a   proconsul pro praetore (residing in the Roman colony of Laus Iulia Corinthus), alongside a   legatus Augusti pro praetore and a   quaestor ; several procuratores looked after the imperial i…

Notou keras

(118 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Νότου κέρας; Nótou kéras). Modern Ras Guardafui or Ras el-Kheil in East Africa [2]. Artemidorus [3] (1st half of the 1st cent. BC) followed geographical knowledge of the time when he called the eastern point of Africa ‘the horn of the south’, that is the southern end of the known world. Ptolemaeus (Ptol. 4,7,11) acted accordingly in the 2nd cent. AD, obviously referring to modern Ras el-Kheil by NK after terms like Ἀρωμάτων ἀκρωτήριον ( Arōmátōn akrōtḗrion) or the like had come into use for the former NK [2]. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography 1 J. Desanges, Reche…

Drilae

(50 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Δρῖλαι; Drîlai). Tribe in the north Anatolian mountains south of  Trapezus; the Greeks with Xenophon were unable to capture their mountain refuge in 400 BC (Xen. An. 5,2,1-27; cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. D.), identified with the Sanni by Arr. Peripl. p. eux. 15. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)

Sea

(630 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] The world inhabited by Graeco-Roman Antiquity was essentially determined by its geographical centre, the Mare Nostrum and the large adjacent seas, the Ionios Kolpos, the Aigaion Pelagos, and the Pontos Euxeinos; the peripheral seas - Mare Germanicum, Mare Suebicum, Caspian Sea, Erythra Thalatta and the adjacent seas Arabios Kolpos (the modern Red Sea), the Persian Gulf, and the Oceanus - formed fundamentally different worlds (particularly the Persian Gulf at the time of the Near E…

Caenus

(62 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Καῖνυς; Kaînys). The Italian foothills (modern Punta del Pezzo), from where the shortest distance between the mainland and Sicily ( Pelorias) across the  fretum Siculum was measured (Str. 6,1,5: 6 stades; Thuc. 6,1: 20 stades; Plin. HN 3,73: 12 stades; ibid. 86: 1.5 miles -- the modern measurement is about 3.2 km). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography Nissen, vol. 2, 962.

Xerxene

(46 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Ξερξήνη; Xerxḗnē). Region in Greater Armenia (cf. Armenia A.) on the upper reaches of the Euphrates (Str. 11,14,5; Plin. HN 5,83: Derzene; Steph. Byz. s. v. Καμβυσήνη; s. v. Ξ.) in the plain around modern Tercan. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography H. Treidler, s. v. X., RE 9 A, 2094-2096.

Segobrigii

(84 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] Ligurian Celtic people settled around the mouth of the Rhodanus, whose king Nannus and his son Comanus appear in the founding legend of Massalia  (Iust. 43,3,4-13,  cf.  Aristot. fr. 503 R.). A connection with terms such as Segovii, Segobriga and Segovia is discussed. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography G. Barruol, Les peuples préromains du sud-est de la Gaule, 1969, 207 f.  D. Pralon, La légende de la fondation de Marseille, in: M. Bats et al. (eds.), Marseille greque et la Gaule (Études Massaliètes 3), 1992, 51-56.

Pharnaceia

(180 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Φαρνάκεια/ Pharnákeia, Φαρνακία/ Pharnakía, Latin Pharnacea). Port on the southern coast of the Black Sea (Pontos Euxeinos), founded by Pharnaces [1] I, probably after the occupation of Sinope in 183 BC while incorporating the population of Cotyora (Str. 2,5,25; 7,6,2; 11,2,18; 12,3,13-19; 28-30; 14,5,22; Ptol. 5,6,5; Plut. Lucullus 18,2; Plin. HN 6,11; 32). According to the information on distances in Xen. An. 5,3,2 (cf. also Peripl. m. Eux. 34), however, P. was not on the soil of Ce…

Theches

(105 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Θήχης; Thḗchēs). Mountain ridge in the east of the northern Anatolian peripheral mountain chain (Xen. An. 4,7,21; Diod. Sic. 14,29,3: τὸ Χήνιον ὄρος/ tò Chḗnion óros). It was from here that the 'Ten Thousand' of Xenophon's Anábasis on their retreat after the battle of Cunaxa (in the autumn of 401 BC), saw the sea again for the first time (here: the Black Sea; Pontos Euxeinos). The T. can probably be located in the area of the Zigana Pass (Zigana Geçidi, 2025 m elevation). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography T. B. Mitford, The Roman Frontier on the Upper Eup…

Cerausium

(49 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Κεραύσιον; Keraúsion). The springs of the Neda rise on Mount C., a part of the  Lycaeum, (Paus. 8,41,3); it is therefore to be localized in the mountainous region between the modern Likeo and Tetrazio. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. K, in: RE Suppl. 9, 382.

Divona

(54 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Main town of the Celtic  Cadurci in Aquitania (now Cahors. dép. Lot); sources: Ptol. 2,7,9; CIL XIII 1541 [1]. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography A. Audin, J. Guey, P. Wuilleumier, Inscriptions latines découvertes à Lyon dans le pont de la Guillotière, in: REA 56, 1954, 297-347.

Tatta

(85 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
[German version] (Τάττα λίμνη; Tátta límnē). Largest lake in Asia Minor (Str. 12,5,4; Plin. HN 31,84), modern Tuz Gölü ('Salt Lake'), an undrained basin in the highlands of central Anatolia (Galatia), about 900 m above sea level, mean depth 1 m, According to the season the surface area is between about 1100 km2 (summer, salinity up to 32%) and 2500 km2 (after winter rains). Salt extracted from Lake T. was considered to have healing powers (Dioscorides, De materia medica 5,109,1). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography Belke, 230 f.
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