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[English Version] Papineau, Louis-Joseph (7.10.1786 Montreal – 25.9.1871 Montebello, Que´bec), Rechtsanwalt, Seigneur von Montebello, Mitglied der Volksvertretung von Unterkanada (1809–1838) und der Vereinigten Provinz Kanada (1848–1854; Kanada). P. führte über 20 Jahre die mehrheitliche liberal-nationalistische Partei und trat für die Selbstbestimmung der Kolonie Unterkanada ein. Die Verfassungskrise, die daraus folgte, löste 1837/38 Volksaufstände aus, die von der brit. Armee niedergeschlagen wur…

[English Version] Plessis, Joseph-Octave (3.3.1763 Montreal – 4.12.1825 Quebec City), Bistumssekretär (1783–1798); 1786 ordiniert; Weihbischof (1801–1806); Bischof von Quebec (1806–1819); erster Erzbischof (1819–1825); 1817 zum Mitglied der Legislative Council (Oberhaus) von Lower Canada und 1819 zum röm. Grafen ernannt. Als Oberhaupt der kolonialen Kirche bemühte er sich, ihre seit der Eroberung von 1759 drastisch eingeschränkten Rechte zu verteidigen, indem er ihre uneingeschränkte Loyalität zu G…

[German Version] (Nov 3, 1785, Paris – Jul 11, 1844, near Marseille) was ordained in 1811, bishop of Nancy and Toul, and primate of Lorraine (1824–1844). Named bishop by Charles X, the nobleman was driven out of his diocese by the July Revolution. During his tour of North America from 1839 to 1841 he effected a profound revival (Revival/Revival movements) in French Canada. There he led retreats lasting up to six weeks in urban and rural parishes, as well as among Amerindians and Acadians. His eloq…

[German Version] (Oct 7, 1786, Montreal – Sep 25, 1871, Montebello, Quebec), lawyer, seigneur of Montebello, member of the legislative assembly of Lower Canada (1809–1838), United Canadas (1848–1854; Canada). Papineau led the majority liberal-nationalist party for more than 20 years, advocating self-determination for the Lower Canadian colony. The ensuing constitutional crisis set off popular uprisings in 1837/1838, which were crushed by the British army. As a deist (Deism), Papineau favored the f…

[German Version] (Jul 31, 1892, Lefaivre, Ontario – Nov 19, 1959, Victoria, B.C.). Ordained in 1916, Charbonneau occupied several academic chairs, and was the first bishop of Hearst (1939–1940). As archbishop of Montreal (1940–1950), he worked to dissolve the old ties between religion and French-Canadian identity as well as to accustom the church to pluralistic values, lay ministry, and social justice. He advocated autonomy for the Catholic Action movements, secularizat…

[German Version] (Mar 3, 1763, Montreal – Dec 4, 1825, Quebec City), diocesan secretary (1783–1798); ordained 1786; coadjutor bishop (1801–1806); bishop of Quebec (1806–1819), first archbishop (1819–1825); named a legislative councilor of Lower Canada, 1817, and a Roman count, 1819. As head of the colonial Church, he tried to secure its rights, which had been severely limited since the Conquest of 1759, by proclaiming its total loyalty to Britain. To avoid popular disfavor, he had to steer a trick…

[German Version] A disparate phenomenon with different regional, cultural, and linguistic expressions, Catholic Action encompasses both traditional devotional societies and newly formed social action ones. In English Canada, the journalist Henry Somerville expounded a social philosophy expounding anti-Communism, labor organization, welfare statism, and religious pluralism. Catholic Action also inspired a regional movement of producers, consumers, and credit coope…