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an eccentric religious devotee of Kūfa, who also lived for periods at Baghdad, late 2nd/8th to early 3rd/9th centuries. A version of this article is available in printVolume I, Fascicle 2, pp. 172-173 ʿABDAK AL- ṢŪFĪ, an eccentric religious devotee of Kūfa, who also lived for periods at Baghdad, late 2nd/8th to early 3rd/9th centuries. He and the “ʿAbdakites” who were named after him advanced the teaching that the acquisition and possession of worldly goods was permissible only under a righteous leader of the Muslim theocracy. Th…

Sufi of Persian ʿErāq (d. 941-42).A version of this article is available in printVolume I, Fascicle 2, pp. 215-216 ABHARĪ, ABŪ BAKR ʿABDALLĀH B. ṬĀHER B. ḤĀTEM, Sufi of Persian ʿErāq (Solamī, Ṭabaqāt, p. 391.3) where he lived and apparently had received his Sufi training. He was born in Abhar and died in 330/941-42 (ibid., p. 391.9; Qošayrī, Resāla, p. 29.6). He is reckoned a disciple of Yūsof b. Ḥosayn of Ray and was a companion of Moẓaffar Qermīsīnī, a leading shaikh of Persian ʿErāq (Solamī, p. 396.2). Solamī also counts him among the aqrān (colleagues) of Šeblī; hence Abharī must hav…

(d. 290/903), Sufi born and active in Nīšāpūr.A version of this article is available in printVolume I, Fascicle 3, pp. 295 ABŪ ḤAMZA ḴORĀSĀNĪ, d. 290/903, Sufi born and active in Nīšāpūr; according to ʿAṭṭār he died there ( Taḏkera II, p. 97.6; Solamī, Ṭabaqāt, p. 326.3; Żabbī, Tārīḵ-e Nayšābūr, p. 150; Anṣārī, Ṭabaqāt, p. 123.8). He received his Sufi training from Abū Torāb Naḵšabī (d. 245/859), with whom he traveled extensively (ibid., p. 123.6; Hoǰvīrī, Kašf, p. 184.1). Abū Ḥamza also studied with Baghdadi masters, being counted among the contemporaries ( aqrān) of Jonayd (d. 297/91…

Sufi shaikh, born in Termeḏ, lived and worked in Balḵ, d. 280/893.A version of this article is available in printVolume I, Fascicle 3, pp. 265-266 ABŪ BAKR AL- WARRĀQ, MOḤAMMAD B. ʿOMAR AL-ḤAKĪM, Sufi shaikh, born in Termeḏ, lived and worked in Balḵ, d. 280/893. The oldest sources (Solamī, Ṭabaqāt2, p. 221.4ff.; Anṣārī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfīya, ed. Qandahārī, Kabul, 1340 Š./1960, p. 262) mention as his teachers the following: Aḥmad b. Ḵeżrōya of Balḵ (d. 240/854-55; see Qošayrī, Resāla, Cairo, 1359/1940, p. 24.8; Hoǰvīrī, Kašf al-maḥǰūb, Tehran, 1336 Š./1957, p. 179); Moḥammad b. Saʿ…

(1145 or 46-1221) Persian poet, Sufi, theoretician of mysticism, and hagiographer, was born and died in Nīšāpūr. A version of this article is available in printVolume III, Fascicle 1, pp. 20-25 ʿAṬṬĀR, SHAIKH FARĪD-AL-DĪN, Persian poet, Sufi, theoretician of mysticism, and hagiographer, born ca. 540/1145-46 at Nīšāpūr, and died there in 618/1221. His name was Abū Ḥāmed Moḥammad b. Abī Bakr Ebrāhīm or, according to Ebn al-Fowatī, b. Saʿd b. Yūsof. ʿAṭṭār and Farīd-al-dīn were his pen-names. (B. Forūzānfar, Šarḥ-e aḥwāl wa naqd o taḥlīl-e āṯār-e Šayḵ Farīd-al-dīn Moḥammad ʿA…