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prominent poet who holds a place of distinction between the followers of classical Persian prosody and the modernists (1928-1990). AKHAVAN-E SALESS, MEHDI (Mehdi Aḵavān-e Ṯāleṯ; b. Mashad, Esfand 1306 Š./February 1928; d. Tehran, 4 Šahrivar 1369 Š./25 August 1990), prominent poet (Figure 1, Figure 2). LIFE Akhavan was born to ʿAli, an apothecary ( ʿaṭṭār) from Fahraj in Yazd province, and Maryam, a native of Khorasan (Akhavan, 1969, pp. 17-18). He completed his elementary education in Mashad and entered the city's Technical School ( honarestān) in 1941 to study welding; he grad…

poet, painter, filmmaker, and dramatist. SHEYBANI, MANUCHEHR (Manučehr Šeybāni, b. Kashan, 1924; d. Tehran, 20 Ābān 1370 Š./9 November 1991; Figure 1, Figure 2) poet, painter, filmmaker, and dramatist. LIFE Manuchehr Sheybani was the grandson of the noted poet of the Qajar era Fatḥ-Allāh Khan Šeybāni (1825-1890). He lost his father at the age of seven, and his maternal grandfather, Eqbāl-al-Solṭān, became his guardian following his mother’s second marriage. He went through his primary education in different cities and at the…

In 1945 Moshiri began to work for the Ministry of Post and Telegraph. He continued to pursue his education while employed. He received his diploma in 1965 and enrolled at the then Faculty of Literature of Tehran University, but never completed the course of study, switching to journalism instead. MOSHIRI, FEREYDUN (Fereydun Moshiri, b. Tehran, 30 Šahrivar 1305 Š./10 October 1926; d. Tehran, 3 Ābān 1379 Š./ 23 November 2000), prominent 20th-century poet. (FIGURE 1) LIFE Fereydun Moshiri was born to Ebrāhim Moshiri and his wife, Ḵoršid. His lineage on the paternal side ex…

(1930-2000), modernist poet of 1960s-1990s, among the few of his contemporaries whose poems did not participate in the ideological discourse of the period in search of social justice and freedom, and whose rebellious discontent manifested itself more in his challenging of social norms and codes of behavior. RAHMANI, NOSRAT (Noṣrat Raḥmāni, b. Tehran, 10 Esfand 1308 Š./1 March 1930; d. Rasht, 27 Ḵordād 1379 Š./16 June 2000), noted poet of the1960s-90s (Figure 1, Figure 2) LIFE Nosrat Rahmani was born to Assadollāh Rahmani, an automobile mechanic with a keen interest in c…

(1929-1996), Iranian poet and translator who wrote poetry exclusively in German and translated works on Persian literature into German. ATABAY, CYRUS (Cyrus Ātābāy, b. Saʿdābād, Tehran, 15 Šahrivar 1308Š./6 September 1929; d. Munich, 6 Bahman 1374Š./26 January 1996; FIGURE 1), poet and translator. LIFE Cyrus was born to Princess Hamdam-al-Ṣalṭana, who was Reza Shah Pahlavi’s firstborn (from his first wife), and Hādi Atabay. He was sent by his father to Berlin to attend school before he was eight years old. Atabay lived in Germany during W…