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The Black Panthers (Heb. ha-Panterim ha-Sheḥorim) were active in Israel in the 1970s and thereafter as a protest movement and a political party, struggling to improve the status of Mizraḥim in the Jewish State, a society dominated by Ashkenazim.The movement coalesced in protest against socioeconomic deprivation and ethnic discrimination. Its founders and leaders were Moroccan Jewish activists from Musrara, an impoverished neighborhood in Jerusalem. They were young and poor, generally unemployed and dropouts from school; most were army rejects, and some…

Names of nondominant ethnic groups distinguish one group from another, but may also serve as an expression of uniqueness, self-pride, mobilizing myth, repressed identity, and derision. Changes in ethnic names reflect past or prospective changes in intergroup relations. These patterns are all evident in the group names of Israeli Jews whose origins are from the Islamic world, generally now referred to as Mizraḥim (Easterners or Orientals; sing. Mizraḥi).Mizraḥi group names in Israel underwent two phases in accordance with the shift in Mizraḥi-Ashkenazi relations…