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[English Version] (Estienne), bedeutende und weitverzweigte Pariser und Genfer Drucker- und Buchhändlerfamilie des 16. und 17.Jh. Henri I. (ca.1460–1520) druckte ab 1502 insg. ca.130 theol. und philos. Werke, z.B. Jacques Lefebvre d'Ètaples fünfsprachige Psalmenausg. von 1509 und Werke des Humanisten Jodocus Clichtoveus. Henris zweiter Sohn, Robert I. (1503 Paris – 7.9.1559 Genf), verlegte ab 1526 in Paris ca.420 Ausg., bes. lat. und griech. Autoren, Bibelausg. mit Übers. (darunter das griech. NT von 1528 und 1550) und Lexika wie den von …

[German Version] Incunabulum, from Latin incunabula, “diaper,” refers to early printing, up to and including the year 1500. In contrast to wood-cut prints, J. Gutenberg's invention (c. 1440–1450 in Straßburg or Mainz) consists in the production of texts by using movable individual letters which can be cast identically in an unlimited number with the aid of a casting device and in the development of a printing press. The boundary 1500 marks the approximate date of the emanicipation of printing from th…

[German Version] (Stephanus family) was an important and extensive Parisian and Genevan printing and publishing family in the 16th and 17th centuries. Henri I (c. 1460–1520) published about 130 works of theology and philosophy beginning in 1502, such as Jacques …

[German Version] I. Antiquity – II. Early Church to the Reformation – III. Modern Era I. Antiquity 1. In Mesopotamia the first collections of cuneiform tablets for school use were assembled in the 3rd millennium bce. From the 2nd millennium at the latest, there also existed in conjunction with temples and palaces collections of cultic, literary, and above all scientific and technical texts (medicine, astrology, divination). In the 7th century bce, Ashurbanipal installed in his palace in Nineveh a library that included all available documents. In Egypt libraries…