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(Ἀρτάβ/πανος, Ἀρταπάνης; Artáb/panos, Artapánēs, Old Pers. Rtabānuš, Elamite Irdabanuš). [German version] [1] Brother of Darius I and uncle of Xerxes Brother of Darius I and uncle of Xerxes, who warned Darius and Xerxes against the campaigns against the Scythians (Hdt. 4.83) and against Greece (7.10-18) respectively [1]. Xerxes sent him back from Abydus on the Dardanelles and commissioned him with the regency for the duration of the war (Hdt. 7,46-53). Perhaps around 500 BC may have been satrap of Bactria and therefore identical to the Irdabanuš of PF 1287, 1555 [2]. Kuhrt, Amélie (L…

(Ἀρσάμης; Arsámēs). [German version] [1] Son of Ariaramnes Old Pers. Ars̆āma, son of Ariaramnes, father of Hystaspes, grandfather of Darius I [1. DB §2]. Xerxes [1. XPf §3] says that A. was still alive when Darius came to the throne (522/521BC). The insciptions attributed to him and his father are probably not genuine [1. 12; 2. 65-67]. Kuhrt, Amélie (London) Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Helen (Utrecht) [German version] [2] Son of Darius I Son of Darius I and Artystone. Commanded the Aethiopians and Arabs for his half-brother Xerxes in the campaign against Greece (…

(Ὀρόντης/ Oróntēs, MSS; Ὀρόντας/ Oróntas, OGIS 264,4; Ἀροάνδης/ Aroándēs, OGIS 390ff.). Armenian satraps and kings: O. [1-6]; the river O. [7]. [German version] [1] Relative of the Armenian royal family Relative of the royal family. After initial antagonism with Cyrus [3] the Younger, O. became his follower, and was subsequently convicted of treason and executed (Xen. An. 1,6; 9,29). Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel) [German version] [2] O. I Persian governor of Armenia Son of the Bactrian Artasyras. As the Persian governor of Armenia, he married Rhodogune, the daughter of…

(Ξέρξης/ Xérxēs; Old Persian Xšayāršā, 'ruling over heroes'). [German version] [1] X. I Achaemenid great king (486-465 BC), son of Darius [1] I and Atossa [1]. 'Born in the purple', X. was designated by his father as his successor (XPf 31 ff. = [6. 81-85]; Hdt. 7,2 f.; Porphyrogénnētos ). At the beginning of his reign he defeated an uprising in Egypt (Hdt. 7,3), and later the rebellions of Šamaš-Erība and Bēl-Šimmanni in Babylonia [3. 361 ff.]. A campaign to Greece (in 480/79 BC) - about which only accounts from the…

(Ἀρτάβ/πανος, Ἀρταπάνης, altpers. Rtabānuš, elam. Irdabanuš). [English version] [1] Bruder Dareios' I. und Onkel des Xerxes Bruder Dareios' I. und Onkel des Xerxes, der Dareios bzw. Xerxes vor den Feldzügen gegen die Skythen (Hdt. 4,83) bzw. gegen Griechenland warnte (7,10-18) [1]. Xerxes schickte ihn von Abydos an den Dardanellen zurück und beauftragte ihn für die Dauer des Krieges mit der Regentschaft (Hdt. 7,46-53). Vielleicht um 500 v.Chr. Satrap von Baktrien und so mit Irdabanuš von PF 1287, 1555 identisch [2]. Kuhrt, Amélie (London) Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Helen (Utrecht) …

(Ὀρόντης, Hss.; Ὀρόντας, OGIS 264,4; Ἀροάνδης, OGIS 390ff.). Armenische Satrapen und Könige: O. [1-6], der Fluß O. [7]. [English version] [1] Verwandter des armenischen Königshauses Verwandter des königlichen Hauses, nach anfänglicher Gegnerschaft Gefolgsmann Kyros' [3] d.J., wurde des Verrats überführt und hingerichtet (Xen. an. 1,6; 9,29). Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel) [English version] [2] O. I. Pers. Statthalter von Armenien Sohn des Baktriers Artasyras, heiratete bald nach 401 v.Chr. als persischer Statthalter von Armenien Rhodogune, die Tochter Arta…

(Ἀριοβαρζάνης, apers. Ariyabrdana). [English version] [1] Satrap von Daskyleion 407 v. Chr. Unterstatthalter unter Pharnabazos, Satrap von Daskyleion, und vielleicht dessen ältester Sohn (Xen. hell. 1,4,7) [1]; Gastfreund des Spartaners Antalkidas (Xen. hell. 5,1,28). 387 v. Chr. Nachfolger des Pharnabazos als Satrap am Propontis [1]. 368 v. Chr. gelang es A. durch seinen Vertrauten Philiskos, sich des Beistandes Athens und Spartas zu versichern (Xen. hell. 7,1,27), den er tatsächlich während seiner Rev…

(Ἀρσάμης). [English version] [1] Sohn des Ariaramnes Altpers. Ars̆āma, Sohn des Ariaramnes, Vater des Hystaspes, Großvater des Dareios I. [1. DB §2]. Xerxes [1. XPf §3] sagt, daß A. noch lebte, als Dareios den Thron bestieg (522/1 v.Chr.). Die ihm und seinem Vater zugeschriebenen Inschr. sind wahrscheinlich unecht [1. 12; 2. 65-67]. Kuhrt, Amélie (London) Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Helen (Utrecht) [English version] [2] Sohn Dareios' I. Sohn Dareios' I. und der Artystone. Kommandierte die Aethioper und Araber für seinen Halbbruder Xerxes beim Feldzug gegen G…

(Δημῶναξ; Dēmônax or Δαμῶναξ; Damônax). [German version] [1] D. of Mantinea Arbitrator in Cyrene about 550 BC Respected aristocrat who was appointed as ‘arbitrator’ (καταρτιστήρ; katartistḗr) in  Cyrene about 550 BC on the advice of the Delphic Oracle (Hdt. 4,161). To resolve the internal conflicts, D. reformed the three phylai in which he redistributed the different groups of colonists and immigrants, the Theraeans and Perioeci, Peloponnesians and Cretans, ‘Nesiotai’, i.e. people from the (Ionian?) islands [1]. D. restricted the royal power o…

[German version] [1] Q. Cornelius V. Author of an antiquarian compilation, 1st cent. Roman equestrian of the 1st cent. AD (probably c.45 praef. vexillariorum in Thracia). Author of an antiquarian compilation mentioned by Plinius [1] (Pliny the Elder) as source of books 3 (?), 8, 10, 14 and 15 of his Naturalis historia, and quoted at 3,108 (?), 10,5 and 14,11. Schmidt, Peter Lebrecht Bibliography PIR2 C 1471. [German version] [2] P. Licinius V. Roman emperor 253-260, born 199 (thus the gist of Ioh. Mal. 12 p. 298; SHA Valer. 5,1 is false); from a noble family (Aur. V…

(Νικομήδης; Nikomḗdēs). [German version] [1] Spartan commander, 458 or 457 BC Member of the Spartan royal family of the Agiadae, son of Cleombrotus [2], brother of Pausanias, the victor of Plataeae. In 458 or 457 BC, N. led a Spartan army as the guardian of his underage nephew Pleistoanax to support the inhabitants of the Doris region against the Phocians and on the return march defeated the Athenians near Tanagra (Thuc. 1,107,2-108,1; Diod. Sic. 11,79,4-80,6; Plut. Cimon 17,4-9; Plut. Pericles 10,1-4). Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) [German version] [2] N. I of Bithynia King from 280 BC S…

(Δημῶναξ oder Δαμῶναξ). [English version] [1] D. aus Mantineia Schiedsrichter in Kyrene um 550 v.Chr. Angesehener Aristokrat, der um 550 v.Chr. auf Anraten des Delphischen Orakels zum “Schiedsrichter” (καταρτιστήρ) in Kyrene bestellt wurde (Hdt. 4,161). Um die Gegensätze dort beizulegen, reformierte D. die drei Phylen, in die er die verschiedenen Kolonisten- und Zuwanderergruppen - Theraier und Perioiken, Peloponnesier und Kreter, “Nesioten”, d.h. Leute von den (ionischen?) Inseln - neu einteilte [1]. Die Mach…

(Νικομήδης). [English version] [1] Spartanischer Heerführer, 458 oder 457 v.Chr. Angehöriger des spartanischen Königshauses der Agiadai, Sohn des Kleombrotos [2], Bruder des Pausanias, des Siegers von Plataiai. N. führte 458 oder 457 v.Chr. als Vormund seines unmündigen Neffen Pleistoanax ein spartan. Heer zur Unterstützung der Bewohner der Landschaft Doris gegen die Phoker und besiegte auf dem Rückmarsch die Athener bei Tanagra (Thuk. 1,107,2-108,1; Diod. 11,79,4-80,6; Plut. Kimon 17,4-9; Plut. Perikles 10,1-4). Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) [English version] [2] N.I. …

(Στρατονίκη; Stratoníkē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Alexander [2] I, c. 500 BC Daughter of the Macedonian king Alexander [II 2] I. In the winter of 429/8 BC, she was married by her brother Perdiccas [2] II to Seuthes [1], nephew of the Odrysian king Sitalces [1], in exchange for Seuthes' having achieved the withdrawal of Thracian troops from Macedonia (Thuc. 2,101,5 f.). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [German version] [2] Wife of Antigonus [1], 4th cent. BC Daughter of one Corrhagus, married to Antigonus [1], mother of Demetrius [2] Poliorketes and a Philippus, who died…

(also Mithradates; Μιθριδάτης/ Mithridátēs, Μιθραδάτης/ Mithradátēs ). The personal name Μιθραδάτης is Persian - coins [4. 10-17] attest to the original spelling. Inscriptions, (Syll.3 709 passim; 741,14,23; 742,4; 12) sporadically give Μιθριδάτης, even contemporary ones (Greek ILS 37,8, Latin ILS 38,28; 60,5; 9), which is the form found in most later documents (Syll.3 785,10) and manuscripts. The change α/ι is due to weakening of vowels at the morpheme boundary, demonstrable from the 5th century onwar…

Nomen gentile, probably originally Etruscan, occurred at Rome only from the 1st cent. BC onwards. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A certain S. from Camerinum was commissioned to recruit followers for Catilina at Picenum in 63 BC, presumably because he was of the Umbrian-Picenan municipal nobility (cf. CIL I2 1921; 1929) (Sall. Catil. 27,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] Friend of Horace's; he hoped to enter the cohors amicorum of a member of the imperial household through his relationship with the latter (Hor. Carm.…

(auch Mithridates, Μιθραδάτης, Μιθριδάτης). Der PN Μιθραδάτης ist persisch - Mz. [4. 10-17] bezeugen die urspr. Schreibweise, Inschr. (Syll.3 709 passim; 741,14,23; 742,4; 12) bieten vereinzelt schon zeitgenössisch Μιθριδάτης/ Mithridates (griech. ILS 37,8, lat. ILS 38,28; 60,5; 9) wie meist in späteren Dokumenten (Syll.3 785,10) und Hss. Es handelt sich bei dem Wechsel α/ι um eine seit dem 5. Jh. nachweisbare, in der gesprochenen Sprache auftretende Vokalschwächung in der Kompositionsfuge, die erst allmählich von der geschriebenen Spra…

(Κλεοπάτρα; Kleopátra, Lat. Cleopatra). I. Mythology [German version] [I 1] Daughter of Boreas and Oreithyia Daughter of  Boreas and  Oreithyia, first wife of  Phineus. C. was rejected in favour of  Idaea [3], whom Phineus married as his second wife; her sons were blinded (Apollod. 3.200; Hyg. Fab. 18). Prescendi, Francesca (Geneva) [German version] [I 2] Daughter of Idas and Marpessa Daughter of  Idas and  Marpessa, wife of  Meleager. After her abduction by Apollo she was also called ‘Alcyone’ after her mother's …

(Ἀρχέλαος; Archélaos). [German version] [1] Macedonian king (ca. 413-399 BC) Son of  Perdiccas, king of Macedonia about 413-399 BC, who according to Plato's spiteful representation (Gorg. 471) was the son of a slave woman and had ascended to the throne by murder. However, he appeared about 415 in a contract with Athens in third place after Perdiccas and his brother Alcetas, i.e. as legitimate (IG I3 89,60). Murdering other pretenders to the throne was not uncommon among the  Argeads, who had no firm rule of succession. He was on a good footing with the Atheni…

(Κλεοπάτρα, lat. Cleopatra). I. Mythologie [English version] [I 1] Tochter des Boreas und der Oreithyia Tochter des Boreas und der Oreithyia, erste Gattin des Phineus. Wegen Idaia [3], die Phineus als zweite Frau heiratet, wird K. verstoßen; ihre Söhne werden geblendet (Apollod. 3,200; Hyg. fab. 18). Prescendi, Francesca (Genf) [English version] [I 2] Tochter des Idas und der Marpessa Tochter des Idas und der Marpessa, Gattin des Meleagros. Nach dem Raub durch Apollon wird sie wegen der Klage ihrer Mutter auch “Alkyone” …