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Populartheologie

(755 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
Unter P. können allgemein popularwiss. Vermittlungsformen von Theologie verstanden werden, die der Popularisierung relig. Themen dienen und sich hierbei unterschiedlicher Medien wie der Literatur, der Kunst oder einer sich im 19. Jh. entwickelnden relig. Vortragskultur bedienen [5]. Ursprünglich kennzeichnete der Begriff P. eine spezifische theologische Literaturgattung der Spätaufklärung, die sich mit der popularwiss. Vermittlung von Theologie an interessierte Gebildete befasste. Während die inhaltliche Vermittlung der christl. Religion an lesekundige L…
Date: 2019-11-19

Nächstenliebe

(1,393 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
1. Begriff und DefinitionN. ist ein Zentralbegriff der christl.-jüd. Ethik und basiert auf den biblischen Aussagen zur Liebe. Grundlegend für die N. ist ihr Verhältnis zur Gottesliebe, welches im nt. Doppelgebot der Liebe (Mk 12,28–34) seine Grundlage hat und theologiegeschichtlich unterschiedlich interpretiert wird. Das Gebot der Gottesliebe (5. Mose 6,4 f.) und der N. (3. Mose 19,18) wird zum christl. Liebesgebot, dem höchsten Gebot, zusammengefasst. Anhand des Gleichnisses vom barmherzigen Samariter (Lk 10,25–37) wird…
Date: 2019-11-19

Sonntag

(837 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
Der S. (lat. dies solis, engl. Sunday), der ursprünglich den zweiten Tag der antiken griech.-röm. Planetenwoche (in der jeder Tag nach einem Planeten benannt war) bildete, prägt die europ. Kulturgeschichte wie kein anderer Wochentag. Seine einzigartige Bedeutung erlangte der auf den jüd. Sabbat (Feiertage 2.) folgende Tag in christl. Überlieferung durch die Auferstehung Jesu Christi (Mt 28, Mk 16, Lk 24, Joh 20), die ihm den Ehrentitel »Herrentag« (Offb 1,10) eintrug und seit Bestehen der christl. Gemeinde dazu führte, dass am S. Gottesdienst gefeiert wird [2]. Zum theologischen…
Date: 2019-11-19

Charity

(1,634 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
1. Concept and definitionCharity is a key concept in Christian-Jewish ethics and is based on the biblical statements about love. Fundamental to charity is the relationship between the love of God, which has its basis in the New Testament double commandment of love (Mark 12.28-34) and is interpreted in different ways in the history of theology. The commandment to love God (Deut 6.4f.) and to love one's neighbor (Lev 19.18) becomes summarized in the Christian love commandment, the highest commandment…
Date: 2019-10-14

Popular theology

(850 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
The term popular theology refers generally to popular forms of communicating theology, which serve to popularize religious issues, making use of diverse media including literature, art, and a religious lecture culture that emerged in the 19th century [5]. Originally the term denoted a specific genre of theological literature in the late Enlightenment that was concerned with communicating theology on a scholarly but popular level to interested members of the intelligentsia.While conveying the content of the Christian religion to literate laity had always been…
Date: 2021-03-15

Sunday

(922 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
Sunday (Latin  dies solis, German Sonntag), originally the second day of the Greco-Roman planetary week (in which each day was named for one of the planets), has left a deeper mark on European cultural history than any other day of the week. As the day following the Jewish Sabbath (Holidays 2.), it acquired its extraordinary significance from the resurrection of Jesus Christ (Matt 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, John 20), which earned it the honorific  the Lord’s Day (Rev 1:10) and, after the emergence of the Christian community, led to regular worship on Sundays [2]. The theological aspect w…
Date: 2022-08-17

Salig

(76 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[English Version] Salig, Christian August (6.4.1691 Domersleben bei Magdeburg – 3.10.1738 Wolfenbüttel), studierte in Halle/Saale und Jena Theol. und Philos., wurde 1714 Dozent in Halle/Saale, 1717 Konrektor in Wolfenbüttel. Durch die um Ausgewogenheit bemühten kirchenhist. Werke »De Eutychianismo« (1723) und »Vollständige Historie der Augspurgischen Confeßion« (1730–1735) geriet S. unter den Verdacht des Indifferentismus. Postum erschien seine »Vollständige Historie des Tridentinischen Conciliums« (1741–1745). Christopher Spehr Bibliography C. Bernet (BBKL…

Piderit

(283 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[English Version] Piderit, Johann Rudolf Anton (18.8.1720 Pyrmont, Niedersachsen – 2.8.1791 Kassel), ab 1737 Studium der Theol., Philol. und Philos. in Jena (u.a. bei J.G. Walch), ab 1739 in Marburg (bei Ch. Wolff), 1745 Dr. phil., 1747 Prof. der Philos. in Marburg, 1759 Dr. theol., 1758–1761 Prorektor der Universität Marburg, 1766 Prof. der morgenländischen Sprachen und Philos. am Collegium Carolinum in Kassel. Durch die theol. Anwendung der wolffschen Demonstriermethode geriet P. mit der theol. Fak…

Starck

(234 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[English Version] Starck, Johann August (v.; 28.10.1741 Schwerin – 3.3.1816 Darmstadt), studierte Theol. und orientalische Sprachen in Göttingen, 1763 Lehrer in Petersburg, 1766 Lektor an der Bibliothek von St. Germain in Paris, 1767 Konrektor in Wismar. Nach erneutem Aufenthalt in Petersburg 1770 Prof. für morgenländische Sprachen und zweiter Hofprediger in Königsberg. 1772 o. Prof. der Theol. ebd., 1773 Dr. theol. und 1776 Oberhofprediger und Generalsuperintendent. 1777 Prof. der Philos. in Mitau,…

Strimesius

(88 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[English Version] Strimesius, Samuel (2.2.1648 Königsberg – 28.1.1730 Frankfurt/O.), studierte in Frankfurt/O., Cambridge und Oxford, 1674 Prof. der Philos. in Frankfurt/O., 1679 Pfarrer der ref. Nikolaikirche und a.o. Prof. der Theol., 1696 o.Prof. und Dr. theol. S. engagierte sich für eine luth.-ref. Union. 1703 nahm er als ref. Ireniker am »Collegium charitativum« in Berlin teil und suchte u.a. in seinem »Kurtze[n] Entwurff der Einigkeit« (1704) die Übereinstimmung luth. und ref. Lehren nachzuweisen. Christopher Spehr Bibliography W. Delius, Berliner kirchl. Union…

Starck, Johann August

(327 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[German Version] (von; Oct 28, 1741, Schwerin – Mar 3, 1816, Darmstadt). After studying theology and Near Eastern languages at Göttingen, Starck began teaching in St. Petersburg in 1763. In 1766 he was given a research position at the library of St. Germain in Paris; in 1767 he was appointed deputy rector of the Gymnasium in Wismar. After another stay in St. Petersburg, in 1770 he was appointed professor of Near Eastern languages and second court chaplain at Königsberg (Kaliningrad). In 1772 he wa…

Piderit, Johann Rudolf Anton

(357 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[German Version] (Aug 18, 1720, Pyrmont, Lower Saxony – Aug 2, 1791, Kassel) began studying theology, philology, and philosophy at Jena in 1737 (including work with J.G. Walch); in 1739 he moved to Marburg, where he studied with C. Wolff, receiving his Dr.phil. in 1745. In 1747 he was appointed professor of philosophy at Marburg. He received his Dr.theol. in 1759. From 1758 to 1761 he served as prorector of the University of Marburg. In 1766 he was appointed professor of oriental languages and phi…

Salig, Christian August

(89 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[German Version] (Apr 6, 1691, Domersleben, near Magdeburg – Oct 3, 1738, Wolfenbüttel), studied theology and philosophy in Halle/Saale and Jena; in 1714 he was appointed to a lectureship at Halle/Saale; in 1717 he was appointed deputy rector in Wolfenbüttel. The balance of his works on church history – De Eutychianismo (1723) and Vollständige Historie der Augspurgischen Confeßion (1730–1735) – exposed him to the charge of indifferentism. His Vollständige Historie des Tridentinischen Conciliums (1741–1745) was published posthumously. Christopher Spehr Bibliography C. Bernet…

Moral Weeklies of the 18th Century

(486 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[German Version] The moral weekly was a type of periodical characteristic of the 18th century; its aim was to promote civil virtue and rational humanitarianism in an instructive and entertaining format. Such publications were characterized by an original title, weekly appearance, a variety of journalistic and literary forms, moral and didactic content, avoidance of topicality, anonymous or pseudonymous authorship, and involvement of the reader. The English moral weeklies published by Richard Steele and Joseph Addison – The Tatler (1709–1711), The Spectator (1711–1712, 1714)…

Leydekker, Melchior

(195 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[German Version] (Mar 21, 1642, Middelburg, The Netherlands – Jan 6, 1721, Utrecht), studied theology in Utrecht (under G. Voetius) and in Leiden (under J. Hoornbeek and J. Cocceius), became a Reformed pastor in Renesse and Noordwelle, Zeeland, in 1662, was awarded a Dr. theol. in Leiden in 1675, and was appointed professor in Utrecht in 1678. As a follower of Voetius, Leydekker spoke out in favor of the orthodox preservation of the Dutch Reformed confession in opposition to Cartesianism and Spino…

Strimesius, Samuel

(115 words)

Author(s): Spehr, Christopher
[German Version] (Feb 2, 1648, Königsberg [Kaliningrad] – Jan 28, 1730, Frankfurt an der Oder). After studying in Frankfurt an der Oder, Cambridge, and Oxford, Strimesius was appointed professor of philosophy at Frankfurt in 1674. In 1679 he became pastor of the Reformed Nikolaikirche and associate professor of theology; in 1696 he was appointed full professor and received his Dr.theol. Strimesius worked actively for a Lutheran and Reformed union. In 1703 he participated in the Collegium charitativum in Berlin as a Reformed irenicist; in his Kurtzer Entwurff der Einigkeit (1704) he…