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[1] s. Salomo (Σολομών) s. Salomo Tinnefeld, Franz [English version] [2] byz. Heerführer, 6. Jh. n. Chr. (Σολόμων). Byz. Heerführer unter Iustinianus [1] I., Eunuch aufgrund eines Unfalls in der Kindheit. Seit 527 n. Chr. im Dienst des Belisarios, kämpfte er gegen Perser und Vandalen und übernahm von ihm, 534 zum magister militum ernannt, den Oberbefehl im Vandalenkrieg. 534/5 wurde er auch praef. praet. Africae mit Sitz in Karthago. 535 siegte er in der Prov. Byzacena zweimal über die Berber. Eine Revolte seines Heeres konnte erst der aus Sizilien herbeige…

[English version] [1] s. Musonianus s. Musonianus Tinnefeld, Franz [English version] [2] oström. Beamter, 6. Jh. n. Chr. (Strategios). Oström. Beamter, praef. Augustalis in Alexandreia ca. 518-523 n. Chr., erhielt den Titel patricius ( patríkios ) spätestens 530 und war Chef des Finanzressorts ( comes sacrarum largitionum) 535 bis ca. 538 n. Chr. Tinnefeld, Franz Bibliography PLRE 2, 1034-1036, Nr. 9  Stein, Spätröm. R. 2, 433, 476 f.

[English version] (Σπαθάριος, “Schwertträger”). Vom 5. bis zum 12. Jh. n. Chr. Angehöriger einer Abteilung von Kämmerern (Eunuchen) am röm.-byz. Kaiserhof, welche seit etwa dem 8. Jh. einem prōtospathários im Senatorenrang unterstanden. Seit dem 10. Jh. sind auch Nichteunuchen als prōtospathárioi bezeugt. Tinnefeld, Franz Bibliography A. Kazhdan, s. v. Proto-S., ODB 3, 1748; s. v. S., 1935 f.

[English version] (Ζωή). Regierende Kaiserin von Byzanz 21.4.-12.6.1042 n. Chr. (geb. 978), entstammte als Tochter des Constantinus [10] VIII. (1025-1028) der Makedonischen Dynastie und legitimierte aufgrund dieser Herkunft auch das Kaisertum ihrer drei Ehegatten [2; 4]. Sie war verm. die für Otto III. bestimmte Braut aus Byzanz, die erst kurz nach dessen am 24.1.1002 erfolgtem Tod in It. eintraf.…

[German Version] (c. 1005/1010, Constantinople – Jan 21, 1059, Abydus), patriarch of Constantinople (Mar 25, 1043 – Nov 1058). Michael early on evinced an aristocratic sense of power that brought him into conflict with the Byzantine emperor and the Roman ¶ church. In 1054 a papal legation under Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida went to Constantinople to resolve the dispute between Rome and Byzantium over the use of unleavened (azyme) or leavened (enzyme) bread in the liturgy (Unl…

[German Version] (Sep 19, 866, Constantinople – May 11, 912, Constantinople), Byzantine co-emperor from Jun 1, 870, and emperor from Aug 29, 886; a major lawgiver and man of letters, student of Patriarch Photius of Constantinople, propagandistically called “…

[German version] (Artavasděs, AD 742-743). Armenian, brother-in-law of the emperor of Byzantium, Constantine V, who began his rule on 19 June 741. A. revolted against him some time later, supposedly as the defender of image-worship. He was defeated by Constantine in November 743 and overthrown. Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich) Bibliography ODB 1, 192 …

[German version] A term used during the Roman Imperial Period and in Late Antiquity to refer to leadership functions in a variety of areas of public service [3], in the 4th-6th cents. AD in the expanded form praepositus sacri cubiculi (Greek praipósitos toû eusebestátou koitônos) to refer to the court position of imperial high chamberlain, which was reserved for eunuchs, under whom the…

[German version] (πρωτοβεστιάριος/ prōtobestiários, Latin protovestiarius). Overseer of the Byzantine emperor's wardrobe, 5th-15th centuries, eunuch office second to the parakoimṓmenos . ODB 3, 1749. Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich)

[German version] [1] E. Aelia Marciana Wife of the emperor Anthemius, AD 467 elevated to Augusta Only daughter of the emperor Marcianus, married Anthemius [2] in c. AD 453 who was later emperor in the west and had four sons and a daughter with him. In 467 she was elevated to Augusta. Her fate after the execution of her husband in 472 is unknown. Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich) Bibliography PLRE 2, 423f. No. 6. P. Grierson, M. Mays, Catalogue of Late Roman Coins, 1…

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[German version] (Μαυρίκιος; Mauríkios). Flavius M. Tiberius, East Roman emperor (A.D. 582-602), born in 539 in Arabissus (Cappadocia), died on 27th Nov. 602 in Calchedon. M. replaced the caesar and later emperor Tiberius II in 574 as chief of the guard and was given the command in 577 as magister militum per Orientem to continue the Persian war. After victories near Callinicus in 580 and near Constantina in 581, he was given a triumphal reception in 582 in Constantinople. Tiberius, emperor since 578, affianced him to his daughter Constantina and…

[German version] (Βασιλίσκος; Basilískos), Flavius. East Roman counter-emperor, brother of the empress Verina who was the wife of emperor  Leo I (457-474). Since 468, he held the office of mag. militum. In 468, he fought unsuccessfully against the Vandals, in 471, he supported Leo in overthrowing and murdering Aspar ( Ardabur), the powerful mag. militum, and revolted against Leo's son-in-law  Zeno (474-491) from January 475 until August 476 with the support of Monophysite groups. During his rule, he issued an edict to abolish the doctrines establi…

[German version] (Γωβάζης; Gōbázēs). King of the Lazes, abdicated in c. AD 456 in favour of his son under pressure from the Roman government, visited Constantinople in 465/6 for negotiations with Emperor Leo I, in which Daniel the Stylite, who lived there and whom he revered, supported him in a mediating role. Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich) Bibliography PLRE 2, 515 ODB 1, 585, s.v. Daniel the Stylite.

[German version] [1] Flavius Iustinianus I. Roman emperor AD 527-565 The Roman emperor Justinian (AD 527-565), born c. 482 of Thracian-Illyrian origins as the son of a farmer, with the Latin name Petrus Sabbatius in Bederiana by Tauresium, in the area of the city Iustiniana Prima, which he later built (probably identical with modern Caričin Grad, 45 km south of Niš; see [1. 1085]), died on 14 November 565 in Constantinople. He owed his rise to  Iustinus [1] I, his mother's brother. He trusted I. especially, who was serving as candidatus in the imperial palace guard when his uncle c…

[German version] (Στότζας; Stótzas). Member of Martinus' [2] guard, accompanying him on Belisarius' campaign against the Vandali in AD 533. Rebelling troops in Africa chose him as their leader in 536. After a failed attempt to conquer Carthage, he was defeated in 537 by Germanus [1] and fled to Mauretania. In 541 he rebelled again, assumed the title of emperor and tried to extend his power in northern Africa until in 545 he was killed in a battle. Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich) Bibliography A. Kazhdan, s.v. S., ODB 3, 1959f.  PLRE 3B, 1199f.

[German version] (λογαριαστής, λογαριαστεύων, λογιστής; logariastḗs, logariasteúōn, logistḗs). From the 11th cent. AD the financial official responsible for the control of public expenditure in several departments of the central and provincial administration of the Byzantine empire. Alexios I (1081-1118) introduced a mégas logariastḗs as the top supervisor of the state expenses who initially acted with the sakellarios and later acted in his place. Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich) Bibliography ODB 2, 1244f. R. Guilland, Titres et fonctions de l'Empire byzantin, 1976, XXI (1969).

[German version] Chancellery officials in the first division of the sacra scrinia, the imperial offices, who are attested in the Roman Empire from the latter part of the 3rd cent. AD. From c. 310, these were led by the magister officiorum and later by the quaestor sacri palatii. It was generally the task of the three scrinia ( memoria, epistolarum and libellorum) to manage communication between the Empire's central administration and the provinces. The memoriales under the magister memoriae, attested in the eastern part of the Empire in particular, were, on the evidence o…

[German version] Mounted guard troops in the service of the Roman emperor from the time of Constantine onwards, according to the Notitia dignitatum five …

[German version] Byzantine dynasty from AD 717 to 802 (Leo III, Constantinus [7] V, Leo IV, Irene and Constantinus [8] VI). According to an unreliable source on its origin, its founder Leo III came from Isauria, but in fact, as has long been known, he came from Germanicaea in Syria. Nevertheless, the dynasty has regrettably - because there had been an Isaurian on the imperial throne in the person of emperor Zeno (474-91) - retained its traditional name. The first two representatives of the dynasty…