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Taʿlīq
(1,108 words)
The term
taʿlīq (or ʾilġāʾ) ‘hanging’, i.e. ‘abrogation, interruption, cancellation’, indicates the interruption of grammatical effect when a word is not used in a governable position although it is a governable word, as shown by the fact that it exhibits the normal case or mood distinction (Owens 1988:50–51). Cancellation of government is mostly connected with judgment verbs (
ʾaf ʿāl al-qalb) such as
ḥasiba ‘to consider, to reckon’;
xāla ‘to believe, to imagine’,
darā and
ʿalima ‘to know’;
raʾā ‘to see, to consider’,
ḏ̣anna ‘to think, to believe’; ʿ
adda‘to consider; to regard’;
zaʿam…
Date:
2018-04-01
ʿAmal
(5,809 words)
1. Government and governors The syntactic term
ʿamal ‘action, performance’ denotes ‘governance’, i.e. the grammatical effect of one word of a sentence on another. All constituents of a sentence are either
ʿawāmil (sg.
ʿāmil) ‘governors’ or
maʿmūlāt (sg.
maʿmūl) ‘governed’. The effect of this government is a case ending (
ʾiʿrab ‘declension’). For the noun these endings are:
-u nominative (
rafʿ):
rajul-un ‘a man’;
-a accusative (
naṣb):
rajul-an;
-i genitive (
jarr or
xafḍ):
rajul-in. In the verb only the imperfect has declined forms:
-u indicative (
rafʿ):
yaḏhab-u ‘he goes’;
-a subjunc…
Date:
2018-04-01
