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Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Wilke, Carsten" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Wilke, Carsten" )' returned 11 results. Modify search
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Rabbinical Conferences
(3,640 words)
From antiquity to the present day, rabbinical conferences have been a means of further developing Jewish law (Halakhah), often in reaction to cultural crises and challenges, as well as a prelude to the successful establishment of lasting institutions. Fundamental decisions of significant importance were made at rabbinical conferences, especially in cases in which the usual route toward the consolidation of halakhic consensus by means of individual decisions and local customs did not see…
Date:
2022-09-30
Emancipation
(8,426 words)
The battle cry of “emancipation,” coined with the Enlightenment, refers in its narrower sense to the “liberation” of the European Jews from their premodern status as autonomous foreigners through political-legal equality with the rest of the citizens. In addition to this, the term came to be used for the concomitant processes of social and cultural adaption (Assimilation). Legal emancipation was carried out in France and the United States in 1791 as a revolutionary act; in Central Europe and Ita…
Date:
2018-11-16
Toledo
(4,370 words)
After the Christian conquest in 1085, Toledo was the residence where the Castilian court stayed most frequently in the Middle Ages and was the ecclesiastical primatial seat of Spain. The capital of New Castile was also home to the largest Jewish community existing on the Iberian Peninsula (Sepharad) before the expulsion of 1492. Collective conversions to Christianity, in part by means of forced baptism during the pogroms of 1391, in part due to social pressure in the subsequent period, le…
Date:
2023-10-31
Rabbinate
(4,170 words)
After the loss of temple and statehood, the rise in late antiquity of a legally trained class, the rabbis, produced its own form of inner-Jewish authority. However, a standard office (the rabbinate), exercised by an officially appointed rabbi with decision-making powers in ritual matters and areas of civil law, only began to emerge in the Middle Ages. In the modern era, the sphere of influence of the community rabbi shifted to cultural, representative, and pedagogical duties. One charac…
Date:
2022-09-30
Alliance israélite universelle
(4,954 words)
“Jewish World Federation,” founded in Paris in 1860 with the goal of globalizing the Jewish emancipation process begun in Paris. Before the First World War, the Alliance israélite universelle (AIU) was represented in almost all countries with Jewish populations. The highest level of membership by percentage was achieved in France and Italy; in absolute numbers, Germany contained by far the most members. The Alliance pursued a strategy of legal and cultural “amelioration” (
régénération) of disadvantaged Jews in Eastern and Southeastern Europe and in the Middle Ea…
Date:
2023-10-24
Breslau
(4,068 words)
The Jewish Theological Seminary (Fraenckel Foundation) in Breslau (today Wrocław), which was active between 1854 and 1938, was the first rabbinical seminary worldwide claiming an academic scientific character. As one of the historical centers of the Wissenschaft des Judentums, it was the point of departure of a religious orientation mediating between Reform and Orthodoxy which continues to the present day in American Conservative Judaism. In addition, the Jewish community of Breslau has been a sphere of important orthodox and liberal rabbis since the 19th century.1. The Jewish …
Date:
2023-10-24
Rabbinat
(3,609 words)
Nach dem Verlust von Tempel und Staatlichkeit hat der Aufstieg einer rechtskundigen Bildungsschicht, der Rabbinen, in der Spätantike eine eigene Form innerjüdischer Autorität hervorgebracht. Ein reguläres Amt (Rabbinat), das von einem offiziell ernannten Rabbiner mit ritual- und zivilrechtlichen Entscheidungskompetenzen ausgeübt wurde, bildete sich gleichwohl erst seit dem Mittelalter heraus. In der Moderne verlagerte sich der Tätigkeitsbereich des Gemeinderabbiners auf kultische, repräsentative…
Toledo
(3,848 words)
Nach der christlichen Eroberung im Jahr 1085 war Toledo im Mittelalter die am häufigsten genutzte Residenz des kastilischen Hofs sowie kirchlicher Primatialsitz von Spanien. Zugleich war die Hauptstadt Neukastiliens Ort der größten jüdischen Gemeinde, die vor der Vertreibung von 1492 auf der Iberischen Halbinsel ( Sepharad) bestand. Kollektive Übertritte zum Christentum, teils durch Zwangstaufen während der Pogrome von 1391, teils durch sozialen Druck in der Folgezeit, führten zum Aufstieg einer…
Rabbinerkonferenzen
(3,272 words)
Von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart waren Rabbinerkonferenzen ein Mittel zur Weiterentwicklung des jüdischen Rechts ( Halacha), oft in Reaktion auf kulturelle Krisen und Herausforderungen sowie als Auftakt zur erfolgreichen Errichtung bleibender Institutionen. Besonders in Fällen, in denen der übliche Weg zur Verfestigung eines halachischen Konsenses über individuelle Entscheidungen und lokale Bräuche nicht oder nicht rasch genug möglich schien, wurden durch Rabbinerkonferen…
Gerondi, Jonah ben Abraham
(154 words)
[German Version] (c. 1200, Gerona, Spain – November 1263, Toledo, Spain), rabbinic mystic, headed Talmudic academies in Barcelona and Toledo. His books on ethics pioneered the antirationalist school of Jewish ethical literature (Sifrut musar). Gerondi endeavored to systematize and spiritualize the regulations of the Talmud. In his concern for social ethics, he was influenced by the asceticism of Judah ha-Nasi. According to legend, he prompted the burning of the philosophical works of M. Maimonides (1235), an act for which he later offered a public apology. Carsten Wilke Bibliograp…
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Rabbi
(1,285 words)
[German Version]
I. Terminology The Hebrew title רַבִּי/
rabbî is derived from the nominalized adjective רַב/
rab, “great, of high rank,” which in postbiblical Hebrew took on the meaning “master” (Rav) in contrast to a slave or student/disciple (
m. Sukk. 2:9;
m. Giṭ. 4:4;
m. ʾAbot 1:3). The honorific
rabbi (“my master/teacher”) became a title, associated with the names of Palestinian men of learning (e.g. Rabbi Akiba ben Joseph), while
Rav was used for Babylonian rabbis.
Rabbi is also found as a name for Judah ha-Nasi. The Aramaic form
rabban (“our master”) is associated with some…
Source:
Religion Past and Present