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[English Version] Werner, Gustav (12.3.1809 Zwiefalten – 2.8.1887 Reutlingen) studierte von 1827–1832 ev. Theol. in Tübingen und beschäftigte sich intensiv mit den Schriften E. Swedenborgs. 1832–1834 Aufenthalt in Straßburg, wo W. in der Begegnung mit dem Werk des elsässischen Pfarrers J.F. Oberlin sein Ideal fand und von nun an in der Hinwendung zum praktischen Christentum seine Lebensaufgabe sah. 1834–1840 als Vikar in Walddorf bei Tübingen gründete W. eine Kleinkinder- und Industrieschule. 1840 …

[English Version] Sozialakademie, evangelische. In Fortführung der 1933 verbotenen Ev.-Sozialen Schule in Berlin-Spandau wurde 1949 im Schloß Friedewald (Westerwald) die S. gegründet. Die S. steht in der Tradition des Sozialen Protestantismus, der seit Beginn der Industrialisierung von der Beschäftigung mit der sozialen Frage geprägt ist. Sie ist die zentrale Bildungsstätte für Fragen der modernen Arbeitswelt im Raum der EKD. Auf der Grundlage des Evangeliums möchte die S. »einen Beitrag zur humane…

[English Version] Umfrid, Otto (2.5.1857 Nürtingen – 23.5.1920 Winnenden), von 1889 bis zu seiner Erblindung 1913 Pfarrer in Stuttgart. U. ist Gründer vieler Ortsgruppen der Dt. Friedensgesellschaft (DFG) und ihr langjähriger Vizepräsident. 1907 vf. U. mit anderen einen Friedensaufruf an die dt. Pfarrerschaft, worauf etwa 100 Pfarrer der DFG beitraten. Er trat gegen die Nationalkirche und für die universalistische, völkerverbindende Aufgabe der Kirche ein. Die Friedensbewegung hatte für U. eine dop…

[German Version] (Mar 12, 1809, Zwiefalten – Aug 2, Reutlingen) studied Protestant theology in Tübingen from 1827 to 1832, working intensively with the works of E. Swedenborg. In Straßburg (Strasbourg) from 1832 to 1834, he found his life’s ideal in the works of the Alsatian pastor J.F. Oberlin; from then on, he dedicated himself to putting Christianity into practice. As vicar in Walddorf, near Tübingen, from 1834 to 1840, he established a nursery school and a vocational school. In 1840 he moved t…

[German Version] (Feb 26, 1838, Dallmin – Apr 7, 1920, Halle an der Saale). After studying Protestant theology (1858–1862) in Halle an der Saale, Hering became deacon in Weißensee, Thuringia (1863), arch-deacon in Weißenfels (1869), senior pastor (1874) and superintendent in Lützen (from 1875). He was called as professor of practical theology to the University of Halle an der Salle in 1878, where he taught until his retirement in 1908 and also held the office of university preacher. He edited a co…

[German Version] (Petrus; Pierre Favre/Lefèvre; Apr 13, 1506, Villaret, Savoy, France – Aug 1, 1546, Rome). Faber is viewed as the first Jesuit priest. The son of a farmer, he studied from 1525 in Paris, where in 1529 he became acquainted with Ignatius of Loyola and F. Xavier, with whom he roomed. As the only priest among the friends of Ignatius, in 1534 he conducted that memorable mass on Montmartre at which the later founding fathers of the Jesuit Order (Jesuits; alongside Ignatius and Xavier al…

[German Version] (May 29, 1768, Bremen – Jun 1, 1831, Bremen) studied Protestant theology in Jena and Duisburg, became assistant preacher in Uedem on the Lower Rhine and in Frankfurt am Main, pastor in Wetzlar from 1786 to 1802, then pastor in Bremen until his retirement in 1825. Imbued with the sober, Bible-oriented piety of his parents, Menken developed his theology in polemical opposition to the Enlightenment and to Rationalism. In his first contribution to theology, an essay on demonology ( GS VII, 1–76), he accordingly dismissed the conception of demons as an illness, i…

[German Version] The Evangelische Sozialakademie Friedewald was founded in 1949 at Schloss Friedewald (Westerwald) to continue the work of the Evangelisch-Soziale Schule in Berlin-Spandau, which had been forced to close in 1933. The academy stands in the tradition of Social Protestantism, which has been characterized since the beginning of industrialization by its concern with the …

[German Version] (May 2, 1857, Nürtingen – May 23, 1920, Winnenden), pastor in Stuttgart from 1889 until he went blind in 1913. Umfrid was the founder of many chapters of the German Peace Society, of which he served as vice president for years. In 1907 he joined several others in drafting a call for peace addressed to the German clergy, which about 100 signed. He opposed national churches and supported the universalistic mission of the church to bind all peoples together. For Umfrid the peace move…