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Hermes and Hermetica
(2,490 words)
The legendary
Hermes, in Arabic Hirmis (occasionally Hirmīs), called al-Muthallath bi-l-Ḥikma (“Threefold-in-Wisdom”)—variations such as al-Muthallath bi-l-Niʿma (“Threefold-in-Grace”) are also found—was known among premodern Arabic scholars as an ancient sage and prophet and the author of numerous arcane works, many of which survive in Arabic manuscripts, but most of which remain unpublished.…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Gnosticism
(2,020 words)
Gnosticism is a term derived from ancient Christian heresiography, generalised during the twentieth century by historians of religion to describe various ancient sects resembling one another in their doctrines and subsequently applied, without justification, to certain non-Sunnī Islamic groups, particularly the Ismāʿīlīs and the Shīʿīs known pejoratively by outsiders as
ghulāt (“transgressive” Shīʿīs; see Sean Anthony, Ghulāt,
EI3) and also sometimes to Ṣūfīs, alchemists, and others. Irenaeus, author of the earliest extant major Christian heresiographical work…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Bayt al-Ḥikma
(1,804 words)
Bayt al-Ḥikma (“the House of Wisdom”) was the palace library of the early ʿAbbāsid caliphs, mentioned in the sources only in connection with al-Rashīd (r. 170–193/786–809) and al-Maʾmūn (r. 196–218/812–833). The idea, developed in twentiet…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
