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[German version] (Ἀτροπάτης; Atropátēs). Median ruler and satrap of Darius, fought at  Gaugamela and accompanied him in flight. After Darius' death he joined  Alexander [4] and received his satrapy once again. He took a vanquished Median pretender to the throne to the king in 324 BC. As a reward, his daughter was married to  Perdiccas at the weddings of Susa. He is supposed to have given Alexander 100  Amazons (Arr. Anab. 7,13). Perdiccas assigned him the satrapy of west Media in 323, where he settled himself as ruler. The land (Atropatene, today Azerbaijan) eternalized his name. Badian, E…

[German version] (Κυν(ν)άνη; Kyn(n)ánē). Daughter of  Philippus II and an Illyrian, born around 357 BC. Brought up in a martial way, she is said to have participated in Philip's battles. In 338/7 C. married Amyntas [4] and bore Eurydice [3] with whom she lived in Macedonia after the death of Amyntas. In 322 C. accompanied Eurydice to Asia with an army as a bride for Arridaeus [4]. C. was murdered by Alcetas [4] and given a royal burial by  Cassander. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, no. 456.

[German version] (Μυλλένας; Myllénas). Scribe of Alexander [4] the Great, was to lead lightly armed infantry along by-ways to the summit of the Aornus [2] (Curt. 8,11,5: Mullinus). The enterprise failed. He is probably the Macedonian M., son of Asander, who was accorded the proxenía with privileges in Eretria (IG XII 9, 197). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

(Βαγώας; Bagṓas), Greek name for Persian eunuchs (Plin. HN 13,41). [German version] [1] Commander of Artaxerxes Ochus, 338 BC ‘An extremely impudent and sacrilegious man’ (Diod. Sic. 16,47,4) who took part in the renewed conquest of Egypt led by  Artaxerxes Ochus, became commander-in-chief of the Upper Satrapies, then  chiliarchos (‘lord of the realm’ Diod. Sic. 16,50,8). In 338 BC, he poisoned the king, in 336, he poisoned the king's son and successor  Arses, and installed a courtier on the throne, who then adopt…

[German version] (Βαρσαέντης; Barsaéntēs). Under  Darius satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana; commanded the Arachotes and the neighbouring Indians in the battle of Gaugamela. He murdered Darius in mid 330 BC together with  Bessus and  Nabarzanes, then fled to his satrapy and from there to India. When  Alexander [4] reached the Indus, B. was handed over to him and executed. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 205.

[German version] (Λανίκη/ Laníkē; probably a short form of Ἑλλανίκη, Hellaníkē, Curt. 8,1,21). Sister of Cleitus [6], wet-nurse of Alexander [4], who allegedly plaintively called on her after Cleitus' death (Arr. Anab. 4,9,3f.; Curt. 8,2,8f.). L.'s husband is unknown. Two of her sons fell at Miletus, one - Proteas - became famous as a drinking-companion of Alexander (Ath. 4,129a; Ael. VH 12,26). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, no. 462, cf. no. 664.

(Βάλακρος; Bálakros). Various men with this name served as officers under Alexander [4] the Great. [German version] [1] Satrap of Cilicia, after 333 BC Son of a certain Nicanor, married Phila, daughter of  Antipater [1], who bore him a son. First   somatophýlax , after the battle of Issus, was appointed satrap of Cilicia, where he fought with great success against the mountain tribes, but fell in battle shortly before Alexander's death. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 200 Heckel 260. [German version] [2] Commander of the Greek allied infantry from 334/33 BC Son of …

[German version] From Salamis, Late Hellenistic  Alexander historian, invented a Roman delegation to which  Alexander [4] prophesied Rome's future greatness (FGrH 143). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

[German version] (Ἐρίγυιος; Erígyios). From Mytilene, resident of Amphipolis together with his brother  Laomedon, older than Alexander [4] and was banished in 337/6 BC together with others of his friends from younger days. As the only one of this group he was quickly given a command over troops, led the Greek cavalry near  Issus and  Gaugamela, and later appears as a trusted adviser of the king. He also took on special military tasks, thus e.g. against  Satibarzanes, whom he killed in single combat…

[German version] Amicitia and amicus include also in the Latin personal, philosophical and social-political aspects of friendship. The use of amicitia as an expression of social and political relationships between individuals or states and their introduction under Greek influence ( philia,  Friendship) occurred in philosophy through Cicero, which also allows familiaris to become an unforced designation for a ‘friend’. Amicus and amicitia express within Rome the relationship between high-ranking people of the same rank as well as the connection between the…

[German version] (Σωσθένης/ Sōsthénēs). Macedonian noble. After the death of Ptolemaeus [2] Ceraunus his brother Meleager [5] became king of Macedonia at the beginning of 279 BC, but was deposed just two months later. It became apparent that his successor Antipater, nephew of Cassander, was no match for the Celts and after 45 days he was expelled by S., who managed to overcome the Celtic danger. S. rejected the title of king that was then offered to him and ruled as a stratēgós . When Brennus [2] invaded, Macedonia was again plundered; but when the Celts mov…

[German version] (Δόκιμος; Dókimos). Appointed satrap of Babylon by  Perdiccas in 323 BC (Arr. Succ. 24,3-5). Condemned after Perdiccas' death, he fled to Asia Minor and supported  Alcetas [4] and  Attalus [2] against  Eumenes. Defeated along with his allies by  Antigonus Monophthalmus and imprisoned in a fortress, he betrayed them in an escape attempt and went over to Antigonus (Diod. Sic. 19,16), who quickly promoted him. In Phrygia he founded a city Dokimeion. In 302 he allied himself with Lysimachus (Diod. Sic. 20,107,3). His later history is unknown. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, …

[German version] (Θαῖς/ Thaîs). Famous Athenian hetaíra ( Hetaírai ), eponymous heroine of comedies by Afranius [4] ([1. 229]), Hipparchus [2] and Menander [4] (PCG V 107; VI 2,122-127), all attested by quotations. Allegedly a mistress of Alexander [4] the Great, and later of Ptolemaeus [1] I, the father of her three children (Ath. 13,576d-e). According to Cleitarchus [2] at a feast she was the instigator of the burning of the Royal Buildings at Persepolis, as revenge on Xerxes (as in …

(Γλυκέρα; Glykéra). [German version] [1] Famous Athenian hetaera of the late 4th cent. BC Famous Athenian hetaera ( Hetaerae) of the late 4th cent. BC. After the death of  Pythionike, she was summoned to Tarsus by  Harpalus, who awarded her royal honours. This was met with mockery and contempt by the Greeks. However, Harpalus supported Athens with grain because she acted as an intermediary, and he acquired the citizenship there. G. appears to have accompanied him on his flight and spent the remainder of her l…

[German version] (Πρεπέλαος/ Prepélaos). General in the service of Cassander. In 315 BC he brought Alexander [8] to their side. He and Asander [2] were sent to Asia in 303, where Polemaeus annihilated a company of 8,000 of their army. In 311 he participated in the peace negotiations (OGIS 5, l. 10 and l. 28). In 303, he lost Corinth to Demetrius [I 2]. In 302, Cassander sent him to Asia with reinforcements for Lysimachus [2], where he quickly conquered several cities (cf. Syll.3 353, Ephesus), but lost most of them just as quickly to Demetrius. Perhaps he is the P. honoured in Delphi in c. 287 (Sy…

[German version] (Βάτις; Bátis). Supposedly a eunuch, he was commander of Gaza under Darius. He stopped Alexander the Great at Gaza in 332 BC for two months by keeping up a courageous and hopeless resistance. After the fall of the city, he was gruesomely executed by the victor. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 209.

[German version] Lord of a mountain fortification in  Sogdiana, where many Sogdians fled from  Alexander [4] the Great in 327 BC. It appeared so impenetrable that A. supposedly said that only soldiers with wings could conquer it, but a small unit of skilled climbers managed to scale the peak above the fortress. Thereupon, A. surrendered unconditionally and was executed. Among the refugees who fell into Alexander's hands was  Roxane. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, No. 113.

(Ἀλκέτας; Alkétas). [German version] [1] King of Macedonia King of Macedonia, father of  Amyntas I [1]. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)…

(Πολυπέρχων/ Polypérchōn). [German version] [1] Commander under Alexander the Great P. (not Polysperchon, cf. OGIS 1, p. 12 n. 14), son of Simmias (Arr. Anab. 2,12,2) from Tymphaea (Tzetz. Schol. Lycoph. 802), leader of the Tymphaean táxis of the pez(h)étairoi under Alexander [4] the Great from 333 BC; able, but never outstanding. According to Curt. 8,5,22-24, his derision (but in Arr. Anab. 4,12,12 that of Leonnatus) thwarted the introduction of the proskýnēsis . According to Curt. 8,11,1, he took Ora in the Swat Valley (in Arr. Anab. 4,27,9 i…

[German version] (Βαρσίνη; Barsínē). Artabazus' daughter, first married to Mentor of Rhodes, then to his brother Memmon. After the battle of Issus, B. was captured in Damascus. She became Alexander the Great's lover and gave birth to his son  Heracles (probably in 327 BC). She and her son returned to Asia Minor, probably soon after Alexander's marriage to Roxane. In 309 she was murdered in Pergamum following  Polyperchon's order. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 206.