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[German version] [1] Wife of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus Married before 87 BC to M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus, after previously being married to his  elder brother (who was dead when she remarried). Alongside public praise (Cic. Cael. 9) there were also rumours of affairs (Plut. Cicero 25,5; Suet. Iul. 50,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Vespasian Wife of T. Flavius Petro, a veteran of the Civil War, and grandmother of the emperor Vespasianus, whom she raised on her estate in Cosa (Suet. Vesp. 1 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Gentile of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 260). Most important representative: V., T., a supporter of Catilina. In 63 BC, V. who was from Croton was arrested when, on behalf of P. Cornelius [I 56] Lentulus, he went with ambassadors of the Allobroges to deliver a letter to Catilina. For his willingness to provide information he was granted immunity from prosecution (Cic. Cat.. 3,4; 4,5; Sall. Catil. 44-47; 50,1; Flor. 2,12,9; App. B Civ. 2,13-15). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Roman gentile presumably of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 259). The best-known representative is V. Mena. The auctioneer, evidently of non-free origin, who by gift of L. Marcius [I 13] Philippus becomes a farmer and thereby ultimately falls into misfortune (Hor. Epist. 1,7,46-95), is a constructed figure. Horace uses him as his fourth and most detailed example of the problems gifts from patrons could cause. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography O. Hiltbrunner, V. Mena, in: Gymnasium 67, 1960, 289-300.

[German version] Documented for 72-68 BC as legate of Licinius [I 26] Lucullus in the 3rd Mithradatic War (Mithridates [6] VI.; Plut. Lucullus 17,1; 24,1; 30,3; 35,1; IPerg 431; MAMA 6,260). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Roman gens name [1]. Only known representative: C. V., recorded  56-44 BC, versatile businessman (credit broker, pigment producer and long-distance trader) from Puteoli, who had close relations with Pomponius [I 5] Atticus and Cicero. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 254 2 J. Andreau, Patrimoines, échanges et prêts d'argent, 1997, 99-118 3 D'Arms, Index s. v. V.

[German version] Roman gens name [2]. The businessman V. ([1]: presumably an argentarius [2]) is recorded in 49-44 BC; he had business connexions with Pomponius [I 5] Atticus and Cicero (cf. Cic. Att. 10,5,3; 10,11,5; 10,13,2; 10,15,4; 12,3,2; 15,13,3; 15,13a,1; 15,20,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography 1 J. Andreau, Patrimoines, échanges et prêts d'argent, 1997, 115 2 Schulze, 101.

Roman nomen gentile (Gentile) for which there is certain evidence from the 2nd cent. BC onwards (Schulze, 256; 441; 445). [German version] [1] V. Aculeo, C. Roman equestrian, presumably from Arpinum, who was married to the sister of Cicero's mother Helvia [1]. V. was considered a connoisseur of civil law and was quite a close acquaintance of the rhetor L. Licinius [I 10] Crassus (Cic. De or. 1,191; 2,2; 2,262; Cic. Brut. 264). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Varro, C. (before 103 - before 55 BC). Son (?) of V. [1] and cousin of Cicero (Cic. Brut. 264; Cic. Prov…

[German version] Probably related to Pilia, appears quite often in the milieu of Caesar and the Caesarians in Cicero's letters in 54-43 BC. He also makes an appearance as a prosecutor (Cic. Fam. 8,8,2f.; Cic. Att. 6,3,10). In 46 a candidate for political office (Att. 12,8)? Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Supposedly the lover who was the subject of Tibullus elegies under the pseudonym Delia (Apul. Apol. 10). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Etruscan haruspex famous in Rome in the middle of the 1st cent. BC (Haruspices). In 44 he prophesied the danger threatening Caesar (Cic. Div. 1,119; Suet. Iul. 81; Val. Max. 8,11,2); he is presumably the summus haruspex who warned him in 46 against an early crossing to Africa (Cic. Div. 2,52). Evidently, however, such prophecies were not taken very seriously ( cf. Cic. Fam. 9,24,2). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Uncommon Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 373). [German version] T., T. Served as an equestrian prefect or military tribune under Caesar in Gaul. While requisitioning grain in the winter of 57/6 BC he and other officers were captured by Breton tribes who were then subjugated (Caes. Gall. 3,7-16). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Usurped the name of Aelius Paetus (Cic. Brut. 241; Cic. Clu. 72). S. was quaestor of consul Aemilius [I 14] Lepidus in 77 BC and provoked a mutiny in his army (Cic. Clu. 99). In 76 in a court case in Atella he is said to have embezzled 600 000 sesterces intended for bribing the judge (Cic. Clu. 68; 99). In 74 he was a juror in the case against Abbius Oppianicus and attempted to enrich himself. Abbius had provided him with money to bribe sixteen judges, but he attempted to make per…

Italic nomen gentile derived from the Umbri people (Schulze, 257; 523). [German version] [1] U., P. Freed slave whose former business activities had made him familiar with Gaul, and because of this in 63 BC he was supposed to win the Allobroges over to Catilina (Cic. Catil. 3,14; Sall. Catil. 40). When the Senate resolved he should be executed he took to flight (Sall. Catil. 50,4). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] [1] V. Tullus, C. Recorded in 53-48 BC as a junior officer of Caesar (Caes. B Gall. 6,29,3: adulescentem; 8,46,4(?); Caes. B Civ. 3,52,2). Brother or cousin of V. [3]. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Tullus, L. (before 109 - after 46 BC). Although he failed to be elected aedile, in 66, V. succeeded in gaining a consulship (Cic. Planc. 51);during his year of office, his most memorable deed appears to have been his rejection of Catilina's candidacy for a consulship (Sall. Catil. 18,3). In 56, he spoke up for…

[German version] Variant of the nomen gentile Vinius (Schulze, 425). The most important representative is V. Asina (MSS and scholia record various cognomina), addressee of Hor. Epist. 1,13 who is asked to forward works by Horace to Augustus. The social status of the messenger, who is not represented very flatteringly, is not revealed; V. may also be fictional. Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Presumably from an equestrian family; at the end of 46 BC (Cic. Fam. 4,14,1-3) she was married for her inheritance by her trustee Cicero. The marriage was short and unhappy: It earned Cicero mockery because of the great age difference between them, and the young woman was shunned by him because he suspected her of insufficiently mourning the death of his daughter Tullia  (Plut. Cicero 41; Cass. Dio 46,18,3 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography M. Gelzer, Cicero, 1969, 288; 292 f.

[German version] [1] S., M. Praef. of Ap. Claudius [I 24] Pulcher who had five members of the council of Salamis in Cyprus starve when he was to enforce a loan repayment for M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus. In 51 BC Cicero put an end to this and in 50 achieved repayment at an annual interest rate of 12 %, but S. rejected this and insisted on an annual rate of 48 %  (Cic. Att. 5,21,10 ff.; 6,1,5 ff.; 6,2,7 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] S., M. In 50 BC agent for M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus' loans to king Ariobarzanes [5] (Cic. Att. 6,1,4; 3,5). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography W. Will, Julius …

[German version] From 56 BC (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 2,3,7) wife of T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus, mother of Caecilia [2]. Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] ( c.115-43 BC), son of the senator C. V. († c. 71 BC) and probably one Tadia. Nearly all information about V. derives from Cicero’s speeches in 70, during V.’ trial (Cic. Div. Caec.; Cic. Verr. 1; 2), and, in view of this context, is accordingly to be treated with great caution. Apart from the usual accusations, such as a passion for gambling, consorting with prostitutes and prostituting himself ( ibid. 2,1,32 f.; 2,5,33 f.), virtually nothing is known of his youth. V. was married to Vettia, sister of his later quaestor T. Vettius and of P. Vettius [I 2] Chilo. In 84 BC, V. was q…

[English version] Aus verm. ritterlicher Familie; wurde E. 46 v. Chr. (Cic. fam. 4,14,1-3) wegen ihres Erbes von ihrem Treuhänder Cicero geheiratet. Die Ehe war kurz und unglücklich: Cicero trug sie wegen des großen Altersunterschieds Spott ein, und das junge Mädchen wurde von ihm gemieden, weil er sie verdächtigte, den Tod seiner Tochter Tullia nicht genügend zu betrauern (Plut. Cicero 41; Cass. Dio 46,18,3 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography M. Gelzer, Cicero, 1969, 288; 292 f.