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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria Together with  Fregenae harbour of   Caere (Plin. HN 3,44. 51; Str. 5,2,8. 5,2; Ptol. 3,1,4; Itin. Ant. 301,1; Tab. Peut. 5,4; Geogr. Rav. 4,32. 5,2), today Palo near Ladispoli. With erroneous etymology, the founding was thought to be by  Halesus (Sil. Pun. 8,475); settlement by  Pelasgians (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,20). Between Fosso Vaccina ( amnis Caretanus) and Monteroni there are two groups of grave mounds (7th/6th cents. BC)…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria Town on the hill of Civitucola, 3 km north of the modern Capena, overlaid by the medieval Leprignano; according to Cato (fr. 48 P 2; Prisc. 4,21; 7,60), it had been founded by an envoy of the Veiian king Propertius. The good relations which C. enjoyed with the Veii and Falerii, allies in the war against Rome, may be taken as supporting the story of its foundation (Liv. 5,8,10-14; 16-19; 24). In 295 BC, the settlement was forced to capitulate and allocated to the tribus S…

[German version] Crater lake (now dry) in agro Tusculano (Liv. 2,19ff.) near Frascati; modern Pantano Secco. In 499 or 496 BC, a battle between Romans and Latini took place there (Liv. l.c.; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,3,3, with the rumour that the Dioscuri had caused the Roman victory). The foedus Cassianum , which was agreed afterwards, regulated the return of Rome into the Latin League. Bianchetti, Serena (Florence) Bibliography A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1965, 111-116 M. Pallottino, Origini e storia primitiva di Roma, 1993, 322-323.

[German version] Lake between Cortona [1] and Perusia, modern Lago Trasimeno. It was here in 217 BC that Hannibal [4] defeated the Romans under C. Flaminius [1] (Pol. 3,80-85; App. Hann. 38-41; Liv. 22,4,1) in the Second Punic War. The site of the battle is uncertain: between Montigeto and Montecolognola [1], between Borghetto and Montigeto [2. 105-115] or between Borghetto and Tuoro [3. fig. 15]. Bianchetti, Serena (Florence) Bibliography 1 J. Kromayer, Die Schlacht am Trasimenischen See und die Methode der Schlachtfeldforsch., in: Neue Jbb. für das klass. Alt. 25, 1910, 185-200 2 G. D…

[German version] Modern Arno, the main river of Etruria, rises on the slopes of Monte Falterona, and flows through the Casentino. On the plains of Arezzo, it receives the Chiana, then runs through the upper Valdarno, flowing together with the Sieve, also receiving as left tributaries the rivers Greve, Pesa, Elsa and Era, and from the right the Bisanzio. Near Pisa it flows into the mare Tyrrhenum (Liv. 22,2,2; Plin. HN 3,50,52; Str. 5,2,5; Tac. Ann. 1,79; Aristot. Mir. 92; Rut. Namat. 1,566; Geogr. Rav. 4,36; Cassiod. 5,17,20). The A.' importance during the per…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Theatre | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Oracles | Phoenicians, Poeni (Καιρέα; Kairéa, Ἄγυλλα; Ágylla, Etruscan Cisra). Town in southern Etruria ( c. 150 ha.) on a tuff plain in the north-east of which lies what is now Cerveteri. Founded by the Pelasgians (Plin. HN 3,51; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,20; 3,58; Str. 5,2,3; Steph. Byz. s.v. K.), C. demonstrates a pattern of development that stretches …

[German version] River in  Etruria, has its source in the mountains of Saturnia, flows into the sea north of  Cosa (Tab. Peut. 4,4; It. Ant. 500,1 f.: Alminia). Bianchetti, Serena (Florence) Bibliography C. Hülsen, s. v. A, RE 1, 1312.

[German version] Crater lake in southern Etruria between Orte and Bomarzo, modern Lago di Bassano (Plin. Ep. 8,20; Plin. HN 2,209; Sen. Q Nat. 3,25,8). The Romans under P. Cornelius [I 27] Dolabella defeated Etrusci and Galli there in 283 BC (Pol. 2,19,7-20,6; 310 BC according to Liv. 9,39). Bianchetti, Serena (Florence) Bibliography A. N. Sherwin-White, The Letters of Pliny, 1966, 472-473 M. Torelli, Storia degli Etruschi, 1981, 255 C. Saylor, Overlooking Lake Vadimon: Pliny on Tourism (Epist. 8,20), in: CPh 77, 1982, 139-144.