Search

|⁹⁰⁵ In volume S1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 2, The post-Classical Period of Islamic Literature, from ca. 400/1000 until ca. 656/1258 previous chapter | German edition A Games, Sports, and War 1. In this period, the literature on chess that was originated by al-Ṣūlī and his student al-Lajlaj (p. 219) is represented by just two anonymous works: a. Kitāb al-shiṭranj mimmā allafahu Ibn ʿAdlī wal-Ṣūlī wa-ghayruhumā Ḥamīd. I, 560 (dated 535/1140), Cairo Muṣṭafā P. 8201, ʿAtīq Ef. 2234, Public Libr. Cleveland.—b. Libro del Ajedrez de sus problemas y sut…

In volume S1 | book 1, The National Literature of the Arabs | Section 2, Muḥammad and His Time previous chapter | German edition Ibn Qut., Poes. 197–201, cf. 467, 470, al-Suyūṭī, ShshM 89, Khiz. III, 403. Dīwān, Berl. 748, 2–4, Brill–H1 1, 27, Pet. Ros. 72, 3, Cairo2 iii, 128, 202, print C. 1305, together with Ḥātim al-Ṭāʾī n.p. 1326, 1348. V. de Coppier, Études sur les femmes poètes de lʼancienne Arabie, Beirut 1889. G. Gabrieli, I tempi, la vita e il canzionere della poetessa araba al-Khansā, saggio di studio sulla storia della litteratura araba, Florence 1899. N. Rhodokanakis, al-Khansāʾ un…

In volume S1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 1, The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000 previous chapter | German edition Zakī Mubārak, La prose arabe au IVeme siecle de lʼhegire (Xeme siecle), Paris 1931, al-Nathr al fannī fī -l qarn al-rābiʿ C. 1934, 2 vols., Ṭāhā Ḥusayn, Min ḥadīth alshiʿr wal-nathr, C. 1936, 24–130. At the time of the Umayyads, rhymed prose was particularly popular among the Khārijīs (see above, pp. 103/4). |¹⁴⁹ A collection of Khārijī sermons was revised by the grammarian Abu ’l-Faḍāla (Wellhausen, Opp. 53, n. 3). A letter in rh…

In volume S2 | book 3, The Decline of Islamic Literature | Section 3, From the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt Until the British Occupation previous chapter | German edition From among the stragglers who still cultivated Arabic literature in the nineteenth century, which had otherwise been completely superseded by Turkish, the following authors can be mentioned: 1. In the year 1253, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Karamīzāde dedicated to Sultan Maḥmūd II (1223–55/1808–39): Al-Durra al-bahiyya fī ṭāʿat maḥmūd al-ṣifāt al-ʿaliyya, an ethical treatise, Brill–H.1 578, 21083. 2. Muṣṭafā b. Aḥmad al-Ṭ…

In volume 2 | book 3, The Decline of Islamic Literature | Section 2, From the Conquest of Egypt by Sultan Selīm I in 1517 to the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt in 1798 previous chapter | German edition While the eastern lands of the Muslim world, though culturally stagnant, lived in relative peace under the Ottomans, North Africa gradually sank into barbarism. From the end of the fifteenth century onward, the Corsairs and their successsors—Turkish pashas, the beys of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers—became completely engrossed in their m…

In volume 1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 1, The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000 previous chapter | German edition 1. The need to compose compact overviews of all or at least the greater part of the sciences, which became more and more pressing as independent |²⁸³ production declined, only manifested itself towards the end of this period. The oldest work of this kind was dedicated by Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Yūsuf al-Khwārizmī1 to Abu ʼl-Ḥasan ʿUbaydallāh b. Aḥmad al-ʿUtbī, the vizier of the Sāmānid ruler Nūḥ II (365–87/975–997). Kitāb maf…

In volume 2 | book 3, The Decline of Islamic Literature | Section 3, From the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt in 1798 until the Present Day previous chapter | German edition See Supplement next chapter Carl Brockelmann

In volume 2 | book 3, The Decline of Islamic Literature | Section 3, From the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt in 1798 until the Present Day previous chapter | German edition See Supplement next chapter Carl Brockelmann

|⁹²In volume 1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 1, The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000 previous chapter | German edition As it had become quasi-sanctified by the Qurʾān, the profane use of rhymed prose, or sajʿ (see Suppl. I, 22), disappeared almost entirely in the first two centuries of Islam. It was only in the middle of the third century that it emerged again in the khuṭba, which in those days was left more and more in the hands of professional preachers, who developed it artistically. From there, sajʿ also penetrated into literature in the form …

In volume S1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 1, The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000 previous chapter | German edition L. Massignon, Recueil de textes inédits concernants lʼhistoire de la mystique en pays dʼislam (Coll. d. textes rel. et myst. mus. I) Paris 1929. I. Goldziher, Materialien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Ṣūfismus, WZKM XIII, 35–56. M. Schreiner, Der Ṣūfismus und seine Ursprünge, ZDMG LII, 513ff. |³⁵⁰ R.A. Nicholson, A historical enquiry concerning the origin and development of Ṣūfism with a list of definitions of the terms ṣūfī and t…

In volume 1 | book 1, The National Literature of the Arabs | Section 3, The Period of the Umayyads previous chapter | German edition 1. Ziyād b. Salmā (according to some sources, Salīm or Sulaymān) al-Aʿjam, a client of the ʿAbd al-Qays from the tribe ʿĀmir b. al-Ḥārith, see Suppl. I, 92. Agh. XIV, 1102/9, 298/105, panegyric on ʿUmar b. ʿUbaydallāh, Ḥamāsa IV, 148, Marthiya on Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufra, d. 82/701, which was regarded as the best of its time, Berl. 7519,5. 1a. Yazīd b. Ziyād b. Rabīʿa b. Mufarrij al-Ḥimyarī, see Suppl., loc. cit. (read al-Jumaḥī, Ṭab. 143). 2. Khālid b. Ṣafwān al-Qan…

|²⁶⁵In volume 1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 1, The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000 previous chapter | German edition Ibn Abū Uṣaybiʿa (d. 668/1270, p. 325/6), Kitāb ʿuyūn al-anbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ, ed. A. Müller, Königsberg 1884 (hereafter Uṣ.). F. Wüstenfeld, Geschichte der arabischen Ärzte und Naturforscher, Göttingen 1840 (quoted by number). L. Leclerc, Histoire de la médecine arabe, 2 vols., Paris 1876. M. Neuburger, Geschichte der Medizin I, Stuttgart 1908, 142/228. Mieli, § 16, 23, 33, 38, 45, 50. On the beginnings of Arabic m…

In volume 1 | book 1, The National Literature of the Arabs | Section 2, Muḥammad and His Time previous chapter | German edition |³⁴In the earliest period of his religious activity, the Prophet emptied his soul in true ecstasy; in passionately emotional, and, for the most part, short and incoherent phrases in sajʿ, i.e. the rhyming prose of the kāhin. Later, when he transformed himself more and more from an ecstatic into a preacher, reciting his admonitions in long phrases that were often adorned with stories from the Old Testament and the Haggada, he con…

In volume S1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 2, The post-Classical Period of Islamic Literature, from ca. 400/1000 until ca. 656/1258 previous chapter | German edition The dominance of the rigid qaṣīda style remained unchallenged in literary poetry, and many of its representatives would deserve the criticism that the qāḍī Abu ’l-Ḥasan al-Jurjānī directed at al-Ustādh al-Ṭabarī (al-Thaʿālibī, Aḥsan mā samiʿtuhu 52, bottom): “If one would just shake his verses a little, they would fly apart and return to their lord.” Yet at the margins, freer forms were…

In volume S2 | book 3, The Decline of Islamic Literature | Section 3, From the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt Until the British Occupation previous chapter | German edition ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Shāshū, Tarājim baʿḍ aʿyān Dimashq min ʿulamāʾihā waudabāʾihā (complement of al-Muḥibbī’s Nafḥat al-rayḥāna, p. 403), Beirut 1886. Qusṭākī al-Ḥimṣī, Udabāʾ Ḥalab dhawu ’l-athar fi ’l-qarn al-tāsiʿ ʿashar, Aleppo 1925. Muḥammad Rāghib al-Ṭabbākh al-Ḥalabī, Iʿlām al-nubalāʾ bi-ta ʾrīkh Ḥalab al-shahbāʾ, vol. 7, Aleppo 1345/1926. Al-Ḥabīb Nawfal, Tarājim ʿulamāʾ Ṭarābulus al-Fayḥāʾ wa-u…

In volume S1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 2, The post-Classical Period of Islamic Literature, from ca. 400/1000 until ca. 656/1258 previous chapter | German edition 1 The Ḥanafīs 1. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Nāṭifī, who died in 446/1054 in Rayy. ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Abi ’l-Wafāʾ, Jaw. I, 113/4, al-Faw. al-bah. 19, Ḥadāʾiq al-Ḥan. 194. Kitāb al-aḥkām, additionally Princ. 234a, Cairo2 I, 400, Tunis Zayt. IV, 235,2360/2, Būhār 152. 1a. Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ṣaymarī was born in 351/962. He was a qāḍī in Karkh and died on 21 Shawwāl 436/12 May 1045. Al-Khaṭīb…

In volume S1 | book 2, Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language | Section 1, The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000 previous chapter | German edition As there is little hope that further evidence from the period will ever come to light, the beginnings of Arabic philology will probably always remain obscure. As such, there can also be no definitive answer to the question of whether or not the first philologists were influenced from outside. Bräunlich ( Islca II 64) maintains that foreign influence on Arabic linguistics only started with the Persian Sībawayh1while his teacher al-…

In volume S2 | book 3, The Decline of Islamic Literature | Section 2, From the Conquest of Egypt by Sultan Selīm I in 1517 to the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt in 1798 previous chapter | German edition A Oman 1. ʿUmar b. Masʿūd al-Salīʿī(?) Two poems in honour of Sayyid Yaʿrub b. al-Imām Balʿarab b. Sulṭān, Ambr. C 129, ii ( RSO VII, 603), cf. A 119, vi, vii. 1a. Abū Saʿīd Muḥammad b. Saʿīd al-Azdī al-Qalhātī wrote, before 1070/1659: Kitāb al-kashf wal-bayān, on Ibāḍī theology (mentioned in the Qāmūs alsharīʿa 1, 20, 37, V, 2, 63, 84, VIII, 309, XI, 312, 314), Br. Mus. Suppl. 202. 2a. Mūsā b. Ḥusayn …

In volume 1 | book 1, The National Literature of the Arabs | Section 3, The Period of the Umayyads previous chapter | German edition Up to this time, the tribe of Quraysh in Mecca had played hardly any role in poetry. However, in the first century of the Hijra there arose in their midst a poet whose skill was already—and deservedly—recognised by his contemporaries, |⁴⁶ and which the modern Arab world has learned to appreciate once again after a long period of relative neglect. ʿUmar b. Abī Rabīʿa came from the famous house of Makhzūm. His father ʿAbdallāh, who was one of the ric…

In volume S3i | book 4, Modern Arabic Literature previous chapter | German edition Muḥammad Surūr al-Ṣabbān, Adab al-Ḥijāz, Cairo 1345 (samples from the works of 17 poets and writers, Ibrāhīm al-ʿAzzāwī and other poets from the Hijaz); see Ḥusayn Haykal, Fī manzil al-waḥy 161/2, and Khayr al-Dīn Zuruklī, Mā raʾaytu wa-mā samiʿtu 120ff. |⁴⁹⁸Qustandī Bek b. Dāʾūd, Dīwān b. Dāʾūd, shāʿir Āl al-Saʿūd, Cairo 1931. Omar el-Bedavi (born in 1887, has lived in Riyadh since 1925). La tribù distrutta, romanzo, trad. di Paolo Giudici, Rome-Milan 1933. Ḥāfiẓ Wahba (special envoy of Ibn Saʿūd t…