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[German version] (Φιλότιμος; Philótimos). Freedman of Cicero’s wife Terentia. Notwithstanding Cicero’s suspicion that Ph. had defrauded him in the years 51/50 BC (Cic. Att. 5,8,2f.; 7,1,9), he remained their financial administrator up until their divorce in 47/46 BC. He also caused offence to Cicero as the head of the latter’s messenger service (Cic. Att. 5,17,1; Cic. Fam. 4,2,1). In 46 BC, Ph. who himself owned slaves (Cic. Att. 10,15,1) and had previously been a fervent supporter of Pompey (Cic. Att. 9,7,6; 10,9,1), was co-opted to the Luperci (Lupercalia) (Cic. Att. 12,5,1). Fündli…

Italic gens name, attested primarily in Praeneste (ILS 3684; CIL I2 1460; 2439). For other bearers of the name cf. [1. 68; 364; 397] and AE 1983, 173. [German version] [1] O., C. Praetor in 66 BC Praetor in 66 BC together with Cicero. He presided over the court for embezzlement cases ( peculatus) (Cic. Clu. 94; 147; cf. Cornelius [I 87]) and was defended by Cicero in 65 (Q. Cicero, Commentariolum petitionis 19). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography 1 Schulze.

[German version] A Roman senator, who caught leopards in Cilicia and sold them on to organisers of games in Rome ( Munera ), for instance ten of them to C. Scribonius Curio (Cic. Fam. 8,9,3) in 51/50 BC, whereas M. Caelius [I 4] Rufus missed out on them (Cic. Fam. 2,11,2). P. is probably the Q. Patisius said to have assembled troops in Cilicia in 48/7 for Caesar, who was besieged in Alexandria [1] (B Alex. 34,5). In March 44, P. was among the assassins of Caesar (App. B Civ. 2,300). He led a fleet …

[German version] Roman gens name. Most important bearer: S. T., a senator, who in 52 BC found the body of P. Clodius [I 4] on the via Appia and took it to Rome; in 49 T., although elderly and one-legged, fled from Italy with Cn. Pompeius [I 3] (Ascon. 32 C on Cic. Mil. 28; Plut. Pompeius 64,7). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Numidian, deserter from the Roman auxilia ; leader of an uprising against Roman power in Africa (Africa [3]) from c. AD 17 until AD 24. T. led the Musulamii in raids, petty wars and even sieges. In the West, the Moors under Mazippa, who were dissatisfied with Iuba [2] II, followed T. (Tac. Ann. 2,52; [1. 89, 104-106, 127]); even the Romans came to terms with him (Tac. Ann. 4,13). After victories celebrated prematurely by the pro-consuls M. Furius [II 2] Camillus and L. Apronius [II 1], T. recovered q…

Rare Italian proper name, variant of Mevius . [German version] [1] Accomplice of Verres in Sicily Accomplice of Verres in Sicily (Cic. Verr. 2,3,175), perhaps the scribe who received gifts from Verres (2,3,176; 181; 185; 187). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Centurio of Octavian Centurio of Octavian, caught in 30 BC at Alexandria by Mark Antony, urged in vain to change sides and released out of respect (Val. Max. 3,8,8). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [3] M., M. Fell in battle as military tribune in 203 BC Fell in battle in upper Italy in 203 BC as military tribu…

[German version] Rare Latin gens name (ILS 1687; CIL VI 27412 f.; FiE III 8; AE 1975,788; SEG 29,1105 f.; 33,179). The freedman [2. 269 f.] M. T. Hermogenes from Sardinia (Cic. Fam. 7,24) was a musician, singer and patron of the arts famous for his wealth and extravagance (Hor. Sat. 1,3,1-19; 1,3,129 f.). C. Licinius [I 31] Calvus ridiculed him; Cicero, who was an enemy because of T.'s uncle(?) Phamea (Cic. Att. 13,49), was fearful of his influence with Caesar (which extended to Cleopatra [II 12] VII and Octavianus [1]: Porph. in Hor. Sat. 1,2,1; 1,3,4). T. ([1. 862] et al. dis…

[German version] Italic nomen gentile formed out of pomp-, documented in inscriptions [1. 553]. The most important bearer: C. P. (born 103 BC), a typical homo militaris (Sall. Catil. 45,2), in 71 he was the legate of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus in the slave wars (MRR 2,166). As praetor in 63 (MRR 2,167) P. got Cicero evidence against the supporters of Catilina when he attacked the delegates of the Allobroges at the Pons Mulvius (Cic. Cat. 3,5 f.; Sall. Catil. 45,1-4). In 62-59 P. administered Gallia Narbonensis as propra…

Italian gens name, primarily in Latium (cf. [2. 98]; AE 1980,588). [German version] [1] T., C. In 73 BC quaestor of P. Varinius, defeated by Spartacus (Sall. Hist. 3,96 M.; Flor. Epit. 2,8,5); c. 64 aed. pl. with C. Octavius [I 2] and in 62 (or 60-58: [1]) praetor (otherwise: MRR 3,63). After the death of Octavius in 59 BC he became the guardian of the later Augustus. A moderate Pompeian in the Civil War, T. waited until c. 45 (on Corcyra?: Cic. Fam. 6,20 f.) for a pardon from Caesar. His own ward had him proscribed in 43 BC (Suet. Aug. 27,1; hushed up in Nicolaus of…

[German version] T., L. from Firmum Picenum, an accomplished astrologer (author of Greek technical works: Plin. HN Index 18) and philosopher in the 1st cent. BC. For his friend M. Terentius Varro [2] T. drew up the horoscope of Romulus [1] and calculated the day of the founding of Rome, the future fate of which he prognosticated (Cic. Div. 2,98; Plut. Romulus 12,3-6; Manil. 4,773; Solin. 1,18;  Lydus, Mens. 1,14). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Unusual Italic personal name, known through M., a Roman equestrian from Formiae (Catull. 43,5 etc.; Hor. Sat. 1,5,37), who was an associate of Pompey in c. 66 BC, was in Spain with Caesar in 61, and served as the latter's praefectus fabrum in Gaul from 58 (Catull. 29,18-24). Around 55/4, M. was periodically at Rome, where his luxurious house caused a furore (Plin. HN 36,48). His rival in eroticis, Catullus [1], depicts him as a scandalous war profiteer and a philanderer (Catull. 41) (allegedly in cahoots with Caesar, Catull. 57). Caesar's associat…

Oscan nomen gentile, documented on Delos since the late 3rd cent. BC [1. 186 f.]. [German version] [1] S. Murcus, L. Possibly a Marsus (but not the S. mentioned in ILS 885), legate of Caesar in the Civil War in Oricum in 48 BC (Caes. B Civ. 3,15,6; 3,16,2), in Africa in 46 (Cic. Att. 12,2,1). A praetorship in 45 is speculation (MRR 2,307). In 44 S. took the side of  Caesar's assassins, became pro-consul of Syria (MRR 2,330) and thanks to Q. Marcius [I 10] Crispus surrounded his opponent Q. Caecilius [I 5] Bassus i…

Rare Italian nomen gentile [1. 306]. [German version] [1] P., M. Roman general, then Praetor in around 64 BC In c. 110-46 BC a Roman general with many decades of experience, perhaps the son of a primipilus (cf. Plin. HN 22,11) from the Volscan area [2. 316]. From c. 93 onwards, P. was tr. mil. or praef. legionis (Sall. Catil. 59,6) for 30 years; in about 64 he became praetor (MRR 2, 161) and at the end of 63 he went as legate to the consul C. Antonius [I 2] for whom he destroyed Catilina's army at Pistoria in January 62 (Sall. Catil. 59,4-60,5). In …

[German version] (Θεόμναστος; Theómnastos). Prominent citizen of Syracuse, an adherent 73-71 BC of C. Verres, for whom he had honorary decrees declared and taxes collected (Cic. Verr. 2,2,50 f.; 2,3,101); in thanks T. became (by cheating in the drawing of lots: 2,2,126 f.) a priest of Zeus in Syracuse and was allowed to enrich himself in the purple trade (2,4,59). In 70 BC, after a short-lived resistance against investigations by Cicero, who presents T. as mad, T. lost nerve and handed over to him a list of valuable objects in Verres' possession (2,4,148 f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Young noble Numidian, who fled to Rome to escape the demands for tribute exacted by King Hiempsal [2] II. Caesar represented him in court against Hiempsal's son Juba [1], later hid him and in 61 BC took him to Spain with him. His motives were probably assumed to be of a sexual nature. (Suet. Iul. 71). According to an interpretation of Vitr. De arch. 8,3,25 [1. 31-33], M. owned the territory around Ismuc, not far from Zama, and in 46 he and his son C. Iulius fought on Caesar's side against Juba. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography 1 K. Jeppesen, Vitruvius in Africa, in: H. Geertman, …

[English version] Aus Pomp- gebildeter ital. Gentilname, auch inschr. belegt [1. 553]. Wichtigster Träger: C. P. (geb. 103 v. Chr.), ein typischer homo militaris (Sall. Catil. 45,2), 71 Legat des M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus im Sklavenkrieg (MRR 2,166). Als Praetor 63 (MRR 2,167) verschaffte er Cicero Beweismaterial gegen die Catilinarier, als er am Pons Mulvius die allobrogischen Gesandten überfiel (Cic. Catil. 3,5 f.; Sall. Catil. 45,1-4). 62-59 verwaltete P. als Propraetor Gallia Narbonensis; ein Sieg über die durch…

[English version] Seltener ital. Eigenname, bekannt durch den röm. Ritter M. aus Formiae (Catull. 43,5 u.a.; Hor. sat. 1,5,37), einen Geschäftspartner von Pompeius ca. 66 v. Chr, von Caesar in Spanien 61 und dessen praefectus fabrum in Gallien seit 58 (Catull. 29,18-24). Etwa 55/4 hielt M. sich zeitweise in Rom auf, wo sein Luxushaus Furore machte (Plin. nat. 36,48). Als skandalöser Kriegsgewinnler und (angeblich mit Caesar liierter: Catull. 57) Schürzenjäger (Catull. 41) erscheint er bei seinem Rivalen in eroticis Catullus [1]. Caesars Umgang mit M. er…

[English version] (Φιλότιμος). Freigelassener von Ciceros Frau Terentia, Vermögensverwalter der beiden - trotz Ciceros Verdacht, Ph. habe ihn in den Jahren 51/50 betrogen (Cic. Att. 5,8,2f.; 7,1,9) - bis zur Scheidung 47/6 v.Chr. Auch als Leiter von Ciceros Botendienst erregte er bei diesem Anstoß (Cic. Att. 5,17,1; Cic. fam. 4,2,1). 46 wurde Ph., der selbst Sklaven besaß (Cic. Att. 10,15,1) und zuvor ein eifriger Pompeianer gewesen war (Cic. Att. 9,7,6; 10,9,1), unter die Luperci (Lupercalia) kooptiert (Cic. Att. 12,5,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[English version] [1] V. Quadratus, C. Aus Sestinum (? vgl. [1]), Militärtribun Caesars in Gallien, v. a. für “Kommandounternehmen”, bewährt beim Überfall auf Octodurus 56 v. Chr., als Kundschafter vor der Landung in Britannien 55 und beim Entsatz von Q. Tullius [I 11] Cicero 53 (Caes. Gall. 3,5,2; 4,21; 6,41,2 - die Identität dieses C. V. mit Quadratus ist weithin akzeptiert: MRR 3, 71). Eine Mordmission von V., nun Praefekt, gegen Commius schlug 52 fehl; ein zweites Treffen der Feinde endete 51 mit …

[English version] [1] röm. Historiker, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Röm. Historiker des späten 2. Jh. v. Chr. (bei Cic. leg. 1,6 nach C. Fannius [I 1] eingeordnet), über dessen Person nichts bekannt ist. Sein verm. annalistisches Werk (Annalistik) begann mit der röm. Gründungsgeschichte und Königszeit (Origo gentis Romanae 20,1; Dion. Hal. ant. 4,15,1), aber Umfang und Endpunkt sind unbekannt. Cicero vermißte es 46 v. Chr. bei seiner lit. Arbeit auf dem Tusculanum (Cic. Att. 12,3,1). Fr. in HRR I2 142 bzw. [1]. Kierdorf, Wilhelm Bibliography 1 M. Chassignet (ed.), L'annalistique romaine, …