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Anthedon

(184 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Education / Culture | Boeotia, Boeotians (Ἀνθηδών; Anthēdṓn). Harbour town in northern  Boeotia ((Hom. Il. 2,508 calls it ἐσχατόωσα; eschatóōsa, ‘the farthest’), situated on the foothills of Mount  Messapion, on the gulf of  Euboea, c.14 km west of  Chalcis, 2 km north of the modern Loukisia. It was inhabited from the Mycenaean period until at least into the 6th cent. AD; its main income derived from fishing and seafaring. Under the rule of Epaminondas (middle of the 4th cent. …

Olpae

(129 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War (Ὄλπαι/ Ólpai, Ὄλπη/ Ólp ē). Fortified location on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Ambracia (Thuc. 3,105,1: τεῖχος ἐπὶ λόφου ἰσχυρόν/ teîchos epì lóphou ischyrón, 'strong wall on the crest of a hill'; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ὄλπαι: φρούριον/ phroúrion, 'fort') in the territory of the Amphilochi (fortification, Dorian temple on the Agrilovouni near Arapi). O. also served as an arbitration venue (κοινὸν δικαστήριον/ koinòn dikastḗrion) in disputes between the Acarnanians and the Amphilochi (Thuc. 3,1…

Copae

(216 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Boeotia, Boeotians (Κῶπαι; Kôpai). Boeotian town located on a hill on the north-eastern shore of a lake named after it. The town was already listed in the catalogue of ships (Hom. Il. 2,502, Str. 9,2,18; Paus. 9,24,1), today's Kastron (formerly Topolia). Populated since Proto-Geometric periods, the ancient remnants are mostly covered by modern buildings. The region of C. comprised the north-eastern bay of Lake C. with the still unidentified, late …

Scolus

(180 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Boeotia, Boeotians (Σκῶλος; Sk ôlos). Settlement in Boeotia (Hom. Il. 2,498: kṓmē), to the south of modern Neochorakion, to the north of Asopus [2] (Paus. 9,4,4; finds from the Mycenaean to the Roman periods [2; 4; 5; 6; 7], otherwise [1; 8]; relocated in 395 BC: [3]). S. was in the territory of Thebae, but from time to time of Plataeae (Str. 9,2,23 f.; as pólis only in Steph. Byz. s. v. Σ.). S. was part of a region of the Boeotian League that depended on Thebae. Its population was evacuated to Thebae in 43…

Tilphossium

(141 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] (Τιλφώσ(σ)ιον, Τιλφούσιον; Tilphṓs(s)ion, Tilphoúsion). The northern part (up to more than 1000 m elevation) of the eastern Helicon [1] between Haliartus and Coronea. To the northeast of Alalcomenae [1] on the summit of Petra (ancient T.) was a pass controlling the most important east-west-route in central Greece. The well Tilphusa [1. vol. 2, 222-224; vol. 3, 60-62] and the grave of Teiresias (Ath. 2,41e; Apollod. 3,7,3) [1. vol. 3, 38 f.] were there, as was a fort fought over in th…

Tegyra

(145 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Oracles (Τέγυρα, Τεγύρα; Tégyra, Tegýra). Place in Boeotia to the north of Orchomenus [1] on the northwestern bay of the Copais at modern Poligira (name of a piece of farmland and a stream) about 2 km to the north of modern Dionisos (earlier Tsamali; [1. 45-50; 3. 323, 325-328; 4. 104-109]; an earlier approach assumed T. to be  Aspledon, see [2. 360-373]). It was there that Pelopidas was victorious over two Spartan mórai ( Móra [1]) in 375 BC. At T.: temple of Apollo and oracle (closed after t…

Salganeus

(189 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] (Σαλγανεύς/ Salganeús). Site on the east coast of Boeotia between Chalcis [1] and Anthedon, on a hill whose modern name is Lithosoros (documented as Solganiko until the 19th cent.), 2.5 km west of modern Drosiá (Ephor. FGrH 70 F 119; Heracl. 1,26). S. was the name of the Boeotian pilot who guided the Persians through the Strait of Euripus [1] (Str. 9,2,9; cf. [1.13-15]) and whom they rashly executed there in 480 BC. The site was settled from the Neolithic until the Late Mycenean Period [2.79 f.; 3]; in the Hellenistic Period it played a role…

Phoenice

(377 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Punic Wars (Φοινίκη; Phoiníkē). Polis of Epeirotic Chaones near modern Finiq (Albania), on a hill protruding steeply out of the Bistrica Valley and stretching from the north-west to the south-east, c. 5 km north-east of the harbour of Onchesmus that belongs to it, c. 17 km north of Buthrotum. Settlement is evidenced from the 5th cent. BC to the Byzantine period [1. 219ff.]. P. appears in the 4th cent. BC on theōrodókoi lists from Epidaurus (IG IV2 1,95,29) and Argos (SEG 23, 189 I 12). After the fall of the kingdom …

Teumessus

(98 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] (Τευμησσός; Teumēssós). Town or mountain in Boeotia (Hom. h. ad Apollinem 224), modern Mesovouni; about 7 km to the northeast of Thebae [2] ([2. 212-217]; contra [4. 96-98]: about 4 km to the southeast of this near the district of Soula on the modern Paliobouna) on the route to Chalcis [1] (Paus. 9,19,1); evidence of a sanctuary of Athena Telchinia without cult image [3]; cf. Str. 9,2,24; Steph. Byz. s. v. T., further sources in [1]. Fell, Martin (Münster) Bibliography 1 C. Fiehn, s. v. T., RE 5 A, 1134 f. 2 Fossey 3 Schachter, vol. 1, 129; vol. 3, 40 4 P. W. Wallace,…

Aulis

(182 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Macedonia, Macedones | Boeotia, Boeotians (Αὐλίς; Aulís). Boeotian coastal town on the Euboean Gulf, c. 3 km south of Euripus; with Artemis sanctuary. In the north of A. lies a smaller, in the south, c. 1 km away, a larger bay (βαθὺς λιμήν, bathỳs limḗn). In the epic tradition, the collection point of the Greeks for the journey to Troy and the place where Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter  Iphigenia to Artemis to ensure favourable winds for the journey. In 396 BC, demonstrative starting…

Trapheia

(64 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] (Τράφεια; Trápheia). Polis in Boeotia (Nic. Ther. 887-889), known for cattle breeding (Steph. Byz. s. v. T.), either where the combined Rivers Ismenus and Thespius flow into the southeastern bay of Hylice, where there was an extensive settlement [1. 244-246], or on the other bank at the kastron of modern Hylike [2. 2222]. Fell, Martin (Münster) Bibliography 1 Fossey 2 E. Kirsten, s. v. T., RE 6 A, 2221-2223.

Ptoum

(576 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[German version] (Πτώιον/ Ptṓion, Πτῷον/ Ptôion, Πτῶν/ Ptôn). Mountain range in north-eastern Boeotia, stretching east of Lake Copais to the Gulf of Euboea (cf. Boeotia, map), height in the east reaching 781 m (Petalás), in the west the main massif at 725 m (Hagia Pelagia). Below this to the west, at the crossing of important pass roads by the powerful spring of Perdikovrysi near Acraephia, was the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoios, whose oracle was said never to lie (Paus. 9,23,7). Ptous was the name of a lo…

Anthedon

(148 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bildung | Boiotia, Boiotoi (Ἀνθηδών). Hafenstadt im Norden von Boiotia (Hom. Il. 2,508 ἐσχατόωσα, “die äußerste”) auf einem Ausläufer des Messapion am Golf von Euboia, ca. 14 km westl. von Chalkis, 2 km nördl. des h. Loukisia. Von myk. Zeit bis mindestens ins 6. Jh. n. Chr. besiedelt; Haupterwerbszweige Fischfang und Seefahrt. Unter Epameinondas (Mitte 4. Jh. v. Chr.) mit Larymna als Flottenstützpunkt ausgebaut, 85 v. Chr. von den Römern unte…

Isos

(56 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] (Ἴσος). Nicht sicher lokalisiert, z.Z. Strabons bereits wüster Ort (ἴχνη πόλεως, Strab. 9,2,14) nahe Anthedon in Boiotia. Überreste am NO-Ende des Paralimni-Sees sind wohl mit I. zu identifizieren ([1. 457f.; 2. 257-261], anders [3. 62f.]). Fell, Martin (Münster) Bibliography 1 F. Noack, Arne, in: MDAI(A) 19, 1894, 405-485 2 Fossey 3 P.W. Wallace, Strabo's Description of Boiotia 1979.

Kopai

(184 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Boiotia, Boiotoi (Κῶπαι). Schon im Schiffskatalog (Hom. Il. 2,502) gen. boiot. Ort auf einem Hügel am NO-Ufer des nach ihm ben. Sees (Strab. 9,2,18; Paus. 9,24,1), h. Kastron (ehemals Topolia). Seit protogeom. Zeit besiedelt, ant. Überreste weitgehend überbaut. Das Gebiet von K. umfaßte die NO-Bucht des Kopais-Sees mit der bislang nicht identifizierten spätmyk., h. Gla (Palaiokastro) gen. Festung und das anschließende Umland, es grenzte im …

Olpai

(107 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Peloponnesischer Krieg (Ὄλπαι, Ὄλπη). Befestigter Platz an der Ostküste des Golfs von Ambrakia (Thuk. 3,105,1: τεῖχος ἐπὶ λόφου ἰσχυρόν, ‘feste Mauer auf einem Hügel’; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ο.: φρούριον, ‘Festung’) im Gebiet der Amphilochoi (Befestigung, dor. Tempel auf dem Agrilovouni nahe Arapi). O. diente auch als Schiedsstätte (κοινὸν δικαστήριον) bei Streitigkeiten zw. Akarnanes und Amphilochoi (Thuk. 3,105,1). 426/5 v.Chr. siegten hier Aka…

Kopais

(349 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] (Κωπαίς). Nordboiot. Becken, ehemals mit oberirdisch abflußlosem See, in den die Flüsse Kephis(s)os [1] (daher auch Κηφισίς, Hom. Il. 5,709; Paus. 9,24,1) und Melas sowie die von den umliegenden Bergen herabkommenden Bäche und Revmata münden, benannt nach dem Ort Kopai am NO-Ufer; Einzelabschnitte mit verschiedenen Namen nach den Hauptorten am Ufer sind belegt [2. 16]. Die Fläche der K.-Ebene betrug ca. 350 km2, die im Jahresverlauf stark schwankende Ausdehnung des Sees maximal ca. 250 km2. 1883-1892 trockengelegt, entwässerte der See früher durch z…

Aulis

(155 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Boiotia, Boiotoi | Makedonia, Makedones (Αὐλίς). Boiot. Küstenort am euboiischen Golf, ca. 3km südl. des Euripos; mit Artemis-Heiligtum. Im Norden von A. liegt eine kleinere, im Süden, ca. 1 km entfernt, eine größere Bucht (βαθὺς λιμήν, bathýs limḗn). In der ep. Tradition Sammelpunkt der Griechen zur Fahrt nach Troia und Ort, wo Agamemnon seine Tochter Iphigeneia der Artemis für günstigen Fahrtwind opferte. 396 v.Chr. demonstrativer Ausgangspunkt des Heereszugs nach Kleinas…

Palairos

(241 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Akarnanes, Akarnania | Getreidehandel, Getreideimport (Πάλαιρος). Stadt in West-Akarnania, östl. von Leukas (Strab. 10,2,21) auf einem Bergsporn der großenteils unwegsamen Halbinsel Plagia, die zur Blütezeit von P. überwiegend zu dessen Territorium gehörte; Name illyr. Der Stadtberg in der h. Gemarkung Kechropoula (inschr. Identifizierung: [2]) beherrscht die östl. und südl. anschließende Fruchtebene von Zaverda (h. P.). 431 v.Chr. wurde der k…

Hyettos

(138 words)

Author(s): Fell, Martin (Münster)
[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Boiotia, Boiotoi | Orakel (Ὑηττός). Stadt in Boiotia nördl. der Kopais, nordöstl. von Orchomenos, östl. vom h. Loutsi; Lokalisierung durch Inschr. für Septimius Severus und Caracalla gesichert (IG VII 2833f.). Mindestens von archa. bis in byz. Zeit besiedelt, im 5. und 6. Jh. n.Chr. Bischofssitz. Zahlreiche Überreste, reiches Inschr.-Material (IG VII und [1]). Mitglied des Boiot. Bundes, stellte im 5/4. Jh. v.Chr. gemeinsam mit Orchomenos zwe…
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