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(Ἱππολύτη). [English version] [1] Amazone, Tochter des Ares Amazone im Herakles- und Theseusmythos, Tochter des Ares und der Otrere. Herakles soll ihr im Auftrag des Eurystheus den Gürtel des Ares rauben (Apoll. Rhod. 2,778ff.; 966ff.; Hyg. fab. 30; Apollod. 2,98). In einigen Quellen tötet er dabei H. (Eur. Herc. 407ff.). Im Theseusmythos konkurriert H. mit Antiope [2] und Glauke [3] als Gemahlin des Theseus (Isokr. or. 12,193; Plut. Theseus 27,5,13). Theseus raubt H. und zeugt mit…

[English version] (Ἀλκμήνη). Tochter des Königs Elektryon von Mykenai oder Tiryns und der Lysidike, Eurydike oder Anaxo (Hes.scut.3; Diod. 4,9,1; Apollod. 2,52). Sie heiratet Amphitryon, der den Elektryon tötet und mit A. fliehen muß. Die Ehe soll erst vollzogen werden, nachdem Amphitryon A.s im Krieg gefallene Brüder gerächt hat (Apollod. 2,55). Er zieht aus, Zeus kommt in seiner Gestalt zu A., berichtet vom Sieg und zeugt mit ihr Herakles (Pind. I. 7,5 ff.; Pherek. FGrH 3 F 69; Plaut. Amph.; Dio…

[1] s. Optik s. Optik Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Königstochter aus Tegea (Αὔγη). Tochter des Königs Aleos von Tegea, der sie zur Athena-Priesterin macht [1. 368-385], um sie zur Keuschheit zu zwingen, da nach einem Orakel ihr Sohn ihre Brüder ermorden werde. Herakles vergewaltigt sie (Hes. fr. 165 Merkelbach-West, Apollod. 2,146f.). Aleos entdeckt ihre Schwangerschaft und läßt sie mit ihrem Sohn Telephos ins Meer werfen. In Mysien angeschwemmt, heiratet sie König Teuthras (Hekat. FGr…

[English version] (Ἀερόπη). Tochter des Katreus, Enkelin Minos' II. Aufgrund eines Orakels, daß Katreus durch A.s Kinder getötet werde, übergibt er sie und ihre Schwester Klymene dem Nauplios zum Verkauf (Apollod. 3,15) oder zur Tötung, evtl. wegen einer Liebesbeziehung mit einem Sklaven (schol. Soph. Ai. 1297 zu Euripides' ›Kreterinnen‹). Nauplios schont sie jedoch und gibt sie in Argos dem Pleisthenes zur Frau. Die beiden Söhne Agamemnon und Menelaos (Hes. fr. 195,3 ff. MW; Eur. Or. 17 f.) werde…

(Ἡσιόνη). [English version] [1] Okeanide Okeanide, Gattin des Prometheus (Aischyl. Prom. 558). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Gattin des Nauplios Gattin des Nauplios, Mutter des Palamedes (Apollod. 2,23). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [3] Stammutter des troian. Königshauses Gattin des Atlas [2], Mutter der Elektra [3], durch ihren Enkel Dardanos [1] Stammutter des trojan. Königshauses. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [4] Schwester des Priamos Tochter des trojan. Königs Laomedon, der sie wegen eines Wor…

[English version] (Πανδώρα). Ihr Name (“die alles Gebende”) wird als Epiklese chthonischer Gottheiten wie Gaia und Hekate verwendet (Orph. Arg. 974ff.; schol. Aristoph. Av. 971), ohne daß sich aus den überl. Mythenversionen eine klare Entwicklungslinie der Figur der P. ablesen läßt, die die Verbindung mit diesen Gottheiten klären würde. P. als Urfrau bzw. erste Frau findet sich erstmals bei Hesiod (theog. 570-591; Hes. erg. 57-105). P. wird auf Geheiß des Zeus von Hephaistos aus Erde und Wasser geformt, von Athena, den Charites, Hermes, Aphrod…

[English version] (Ναυσικάα). Junge Tochter des Phaiakenkönigspaars Alkinoos [1] und Arete [1]. Athena veranlaßt sie, mit ihren Dienerinnen zum Waschen und zum Picknick an die Flußmündung zu fahren, wo sie auf Odysseus trifft, der als Schiffbrüchiger an dieser Stelle angeschwemmt worden ist. Nackt und erschöpft bittet er sie um Hilfe. Im Gegensatz zu ihren Gefährtinnen, die erschrocken fliehen, hört sie ihn an, gibt ihm Kleider, Salböl, Essen und genaue Hinweise, wie er zum Königspalast kommen und…

(Ἠλέκτρα; Ēléktra). [German version] [1] Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys The daughter of  Oceanus and  Tethys; wife of Thaumas, mother of  Iris and the  harpies Aello and Ocypete (Hes. Theog. 265ff.; 349; Hom. H. 2,418; Apollod. 1,10). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Daughter of Danaus and the Naiad Polyxo The daughter of  Danaus and the Naiad Polyxo (Apollod. 2,19; Hyg. Fab. 170). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [3] Daughter of Atlas and Pleione The daughter of  Atlas and Pleione. One of the  Pleiades. E.'s place of birth is the Cyl…

[German version] (Πηνελόπη/ Pēnelópē, Homeric: Πηνελόπεια/ Pēnelópeia, Latin Penelope, Penelopa). Wife of Odysseus. From antiquity, her name has been interpreted in two ways: according to one, P. means 'weaveress', in reference to the typical female activity which plays such a central role in the Odyssey, while according to the other, her name is derived from pēnélops ('duck'), with the explanation that she had allegedly been thrown into the sea by her parents and had been saved by ducks. For an etymological explanation of P.'s name, see [1]. P. was the daughter of the Arcadian ki…

[German version] (Ἄλκηστις; Alkēstis). Daughter of  Pelias and Anaxibie (Hom. Il. 2,714). Her participation in the supposed rejuvenation of Pelias (Diod. Sic. 4,52,2; 53,2; Hyg. Fab. 24) does not fit with A.'s hand being asked of Pelias by  Admetus of Pherae -- which with Apollo's help was successful. Admetus can only escape the death he is to suffer, according to later sources (Apollod. 1,105) because of a neglected sacrifice, if someone dies in his place. Only A. declares herself prepared to do t…

[German version] (Πανδώρα/ Pandṓra). Her name ('She who gives everything') is used as an epiclesis of chthonic deities such as Gaia and Hecate (Orph. A. 974ff.; schol. Aristoph. Av. 971). It is not possible to discern a clear development of the figure of P. in the transmitted versions of the myth that would clarify her connection with those deities. P. as the original or first woman can first be found in Hesiodus (Theog. 570-591; Hes. Op. 57-105). At Zeus' order, P. is formed from earth and water by Hephaestus, adorned and equipped with skills by Athen…

[German version] (Ἰοκάστη/ Iokástē, in older sources also Ἐπικάστη/Epicaste). Daughter of  Menoeceus, sister of  Creon, wife of  Laius, mother and later wife of  Oedipus. In spite of the negative oracle of Apollo in Delphi, Laius fathers Oedipus with I. After his birth, Oedipus is abandoned, later kills his father and, after solving the puzzle of the  Sphinx, marries his mother. In the older sources, the gods reveal the incest (Hom. Od. 11, 271-280), whereupon I. kills herself. Here, I. usually has…

[German version] (Ἀερόπη; Aerópē). Daughter of Catreus, granddaughter of Minos II. Because of a prophecy that Catreus will be killed by the children of A., Catreus hands her and her sister Clymene over to  Nauplius to be sold (Apollod. 3,15) or to be killed; possibly on account of a romantic attachment to a slave (schol. Soph. Aj. 1297 about Euripides' ‘Cretan Women’). Nauplius, however, protects them, and in Argus gives her to  Pleisthenes as wife. Both sons,  Agamemnon and  Menelaus (Hes. fr. 195…

[German version] (Πρόκρις/ Prókris, Lat. Procris). Daughter either of Erechtheus and Praxithea (Apollod. 3,196) or Pandion (Hyg. Fab. 189; 241) or Iphiclus (Serv. Aen. 6,445). Renowned hunter, married to the Athenian hunter Cephalus [1], who, disguised, tests her fidelity by seducing her with gifts (cf. Pherecydes acc. to Schol. Hom. Od. 11,321, Ov. Met. 7,690-865, Antoninus Liberalis 41). Ashamed, she flees to Minos or Artemis, her hunting companion (Callim. H. 3,209). From Artemis or Minos, P. rece…

[German version] (Μύρρα; Mýrrha). Daughter of the Cyprian king Cinyras and Cenchreis or of the Assyrian king Theias. The gods' anger causes her to fall in love with her father. She is able to have sexual intercourse with him without being recognized, and becomes pregnant. When he recognizes her he tries to kill her; Zeus or Aphrodite takes pity on her and transforms her into a tree; her tears are the resin of the myrrh tree. Later Adonis is born from that tree (Apollod. 3,183f. = Panyassis fr. 27 B…

(Σκύλλα/ Skýlla, Σκύλλη/ Skýllē, Lat. Scylla). [German version] [1] Sea monster Sea monster, daughter of Crataeis or Hecate and Phorcys; originally a young woman, transformed by Circe, Amphitrite or Poseidon into a monster (Hom. Od. 12,73-92; Anaxilas fr. 22,4 PCG 2; Verg. Ecl. 6,74-77; Verg. Aen. 3,426-432; Isid. Orig. 11,3,32; Them. Or. 22,279b-d compares the various depictions) out of jealousy when she was wooed by Glaucus [1] (Ov. Met. 13,900-968; 14,1-74; Hyg. Fab. 199). S. lived in a cave opposite Ch…

(Ἀντιόπη; Antiópē). [German version] [1] Daughter of the river god Asopos In epics, the daughter of the river god Asopus (Hom. Od. 11,260 ff.; Apoll. Rhod. 1,735), according to Euripides' Antiope (in Hyg. Fab. 8) daughter of the Theban king Nycteus and Polyxo (Apollod. 3,111; Paus. 2,6,1). Zeus falls in love with her and unites with her in the form of a satyr [1. 857]. For fear of her father, A. flees and marries king Epopeus of Sicyon; according to Paus. 2,6,2 ff. she was kidnapped by him. Her father Nycteus thereupon goes to war against E…

[German version] (Τιλφοῦσα, Τέλφουσα; Tilphoûsa, Télphousa). Boeotian well nymph, who does not allow Apollo to build his oracle temple at her well, and sends him to Delphi so that she herself can preserve her area of influence. Apollo later fills in her well and in its place builds an altar to himself (Hom. H. 3,244-276; 3,375-387). According to Apollod. 3,84 Teiresias meets his death after drinking from her well; his grave was marked for a long time (Str. 9,2,27; 9,2,36). T. is also known in Arcadia (Paus. 8,25,1-3). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography E. Wüst, s. v. T., RE 6 …

[German version] (Θαλλώ; Thallṓ). One of the Horae, the daughters of Zeus and Themis (Hes. Theog. 901-903; Hes. Op. 74 f.). The assignment of T. to the Horae or to the Charites is controversial, as are the number and names of the Horae (Hyg. Fab. 183; Paus. 9,35,1-4; Poll. 8,106). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography A. Lesky, s. v. Th., RE 5 A, 1214 f.  V. Machaira, s. v. Horai, LIMC 5.1, 502 f.; 5.2, 344-368.

(Ἡσιόνη; Hēsiónē). [German version] [1] Oceanid Oceanid, wife of  Prometheus (Aesch. PV 558). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Wife of Nauplius Wife of  Nauplius, mother of  Palamedes (Apollod. 2,23). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [3] Progenitor of the Trojan royal house Wife of  Atlas [2], mother of  Electra [3], progenitor through her grandson  Dardanus [1] of the Trojan royal house. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [4] Sister of Priamus Daughter of the Trojan king  Laomedon, who has to deliver her up to a sea …