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Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Alexandros | Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Bildung | Dunkle Jahrhunderte | Ionisch | Peloponnesischer Krieg | Pergamon | Pompeius | Theater | Straßen (Ἁλικαρνασσός). [English version] I. Lage Küstenstadt im Süden von Karia am Golf von Keramos, h. Bodrum. Die Stadtanlage (Strab. 14,2,16; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁ.; Vitr. 2,8,10-14) glich dem Zuschauerrund eines Theaters: eine kreisrunde Hafenbucht, der ‘geschlossene Hafen’ (λιμὴν κλειστός, Ps.-Skyl. 98a), beiderseits von felsigen erhöhten L…

[English version] (Λάβραυνδα, Λάβρανδα). Ort und Heiligtum des karischen Zeus Stratios (auch Labraundos) auf einem südl. Ausläufer des Latmos; über eine heilige Straße mit Mylasa verbunden, dem es mit der späteren Siedlung als kṓmē angehörte (Strab. 14,2,23). ON und Name des Gottes sind vorgriech. Die Doppelaxt ( lábrys) von L. galt als von den Amazonen bzw. den lyd. Heraklidenkönigen übernommen (Plut. qu. Gr. 45). Die Kultstatue ( xóanon ) mit der geschulterten lábrys ist auf Mz. des 4. Jh.v.Chr. dargestellt. Das Heiligtum war zentraler Tagungsort des alten karisch…

[English version] (Μάρδοι). Vorderasiat. Stämme in Armenia (Ptol. 5,12,9), Media bzw. Hyrkania südl. des Kaspischen Meeres im h. Elburz-Gebirge/Nordiran (Strab. 11,13,3), hier Amardoi gen. (Strab. 11,6,1; 7,1; Plin. nat. 6,36; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀμαρδοί, s.v. Μ.), in Margiane (Strab. 11,8,8; Plin. nat. 6,47); auch einer der vier pers. Nomadenstämme (Hdt. 1,125,4) oberhalb der Elymaïs (Strab. 11,13,6; Plin. nat. 6,134; Arr. Ind. 40,6) im h. Ansan. Pers. M. dienten im Achaimenidenheer (Hdt. 1,84,2; Ai…

[English version] (Μαραθοῦσσα, “Fenchelinsel”). Südlichste der Inseln vor Klazomenai im SW des Golfs von Smyrna, h. Hekim bzw. Çiçek adaları. Geringe Reste. Belegstellen: Thuk. 8,31,3; Strab. 14,1,36; Plin. nat. 5,137; Steph. Byz. s.v. Μαράθουσα. Kaletsch, Hans (Regensburg) Bibliography G. Winkler, R. König (Hrsg.), C. Plinius Secundus d.Ä., Naturkunde, B. 5, 1993, 262f. (Komm.).

[German version] (Κούρου or Κόρου πεδίον). Plain in Lydia north of Magnesia on the Sipylos, east of the confluence of the Hyllus [4] and the Hermos [2] (Str. 13,4,5; 13), where Lysimachus was defeated in 281 BC by Seleucus (Porphyrius FGrH 260 F 3,8), and Antiochus [5] III was defeated in 190 BC by the Romans (Liv. 37,37-39). Kaletsch, Hans (Regensburg) Bibliography H. Bengtson, Griech. Gesch., 51977, 389, see n. 4, 481.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Education / Culture (Σίλανδος/ Sílandos). City in eastern Lydia, at a northern tributary of the Hermus [2] (e.g. river god Hermus in coin images). Under Domitianus [1] (AD 81-96) S. became a civitas , issuing coins (until Severus [2] Alexander); at the same time Mocadene was divided into the territories of the cities of S. and Temenothyrae, the two cities then being called mētropóleis. S. was near modern Kara Selendi (to the west of Selendi). Bishops of S. took part in the Councils of Nicaea in 325 and Cha…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia | Delian League (τὰ Κάλυνδα; tà Kálynda). Settlement on the south-western coast of Asia Minor, taken as being part of Caria as well as Lycia, 60 stades inland from the coast on the Axon (modern Kargın çayı) east of the  Indus [2] (Hdt. 1,172; Str. 14,2,2; Plin. HN 5,103; Ptol. 5,3,2; Steph. Byz. s.v. C.). In 480 BC, it was under the rule of  Damasithymus (Hdt. 8,87f.), in the middle of the 5th cent. a member of the  Delian League (as Klaÿnda); Ptolemaic in the 3rd cent. In 166 BC, C. was subordinate to  Caunus [2…

[German version] (Μύνδος; Mýndos). City in southwestern Asia Minor on the western coast of the peninsula stretching from  Halicarnassus to M., modern Gümüşlük. Its predecessor was a fortified highland settlement of the Leleges (Old ‘M.’, Plin. HN 5,107) on Mount Boz (3.5 km to the south). In the 5th cent. BC, M. was a member of the Delian League. In about 360, the town was abandoned or relocated to a harbour protected by foothills. The refoundation, probably under  Maussollus, was simultaneously connected with a synoikismós…

[German version] (Μασσαβάται/ Massabátai, Μεσσαβάται/ Messabátai, Latin …

(Μαιονία; Maionía, Latin Maeonia). …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Persian Wars | Education / Culture (Εὔρωμος; Eurōmos). Town in the Carian interior (Str. 14,1,8; 2,22; Steph. Byz. s.v. E.; Plin. HN 5,109), 22 km south of the former Gulf of Latmia (the modern Bafa or Çamiçi gölü), 3 km south of Selimiye at the northern end of the Mylasa plateau; today's Ayaklı. In the 5th cent. as H(K)yromos a member of the  Delian League. The town was probably not called E., often also Eúropos, until after the 4th cent. BC. Sympolitically linked with its περιπόλιοι ( peripólioi, ‘neighbouring towns’; Str. loc. cit.) of Olymus, Chalcetor (the modern Karakuyu tepe) to the SW, Hydae to the south, subsequently also Mylasa. In 197 under Macedonian occupation (since 201/0, Pol. 18,2,3; 44,4; Liv. 33,30) and called Phílippoi, E. together with Iasus and Pedasa, and with the a…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Τέρμερα/ Térmera). City of the Leleges in Caria (Cares IV.) on the southwestern coast of the Halica…

This item can be found on the following maps: Achaemenids | Writing | Theatre | Byzantium | Christianity | Xenophon | | Diadochi and Epigoni | Alexander | Hellenistic states | Asia Minor | Asia Minor | Natural catastrophes | Peloponnesian War | Pergamum | Persian Wars | Rome | Athletes | Athenian League (Second) | Aegean Koine | Education / Culture | Mineral Resources (Σάρδεις/ Sárdeis, Lat. Sardis). [German version] I. Location and name City set at the opening of the valley of the Pactolus into that of the Hermus [2] as it broadens into the Sardian Plain. Centre of th…

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[German version] (Ἰκάριος πόντος; Ikários póntos). Southeastern part of the Aegean Sea, from Samos to Mykonos (Plin. HN 4,51) respectivel…

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[German version] (Κάσταβος; Kástabos). Site in the north-west of the Carian Chersonesus (Bozburun Yarımadası) in the hinterland of the Bay of Bybassus (the modern Hisarönü), to the east above ancient Bybassus (the modern Hisarönü) in the Rhodian  Peraea. On the Pazarlık, a ridge of the Eren Dağı, remains of an Ionic peripteros ( c. 300 BC), a small theatre and further structures belonging to the much-visited sanctuary of  Hemithea (Diod. Sic. 5,62 f.), a goddess of healing whose originally Carian cult, traceable back to the end of the 7th cent. BC…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Education / Culture (Ἄλινδα/ Álinda). City in northern Caria (Cares; Ptol. 5,2,20). In the Delian League in the middle of the 5th cent. BC (ATL 1, 467 f.); in 341/40 the only fortress remaining to the princess Ada, which in 334 BC she handed over to Alexander [4] the Great, only to receive it back by adopting him (Arr. Anab. 1,23,8; Diod. 17,24,2). After that A. was for a short time renamed Alexandria on the Latmus [1]; the city is supposed to have…

[German version] …

[German version] (Γέργα; Gérga). Village in northern  Caria, south-east of Eskiçine on the Marsyas [4], near Incekemer (formerly Gâvurdamları). The name G. (also Gergas, G. kṓmē) is to be found many times in uniquely large clumsy Greek (on one occasion also Latin) letters on boulders, rock stelae hewn in a pyramid shape and idol-like colossal statues (fragmentary) in the vicinity of a small temple (?) built of solid granite blocks, on the temple itself and carved into one of the low well-houses (?). Several parts that h…