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Dracontides

(167 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Δρακοντίδης; Drakontídēs). [German version] [1] Athenian, commander in the Peloponnesian War Athenian, son of Leogoras from the deme Thorae; in 446/5 BC epistátēs, in 433/2 stratēgós and in that capacity one of the commanders of a relief fleet for Cercyra in the autumn of 433 (cf. Thuc. 1,51,4; on the corruption of the text at that point see [1. 95]). D. was a bitter opponent of Pericles and in 430 aided in his removal (Plut. Pericles 32,3) [2]. Davies 4551. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 S. Hornblower, Commentary 1, 1991 2 F. J. Frost, Pericles and Dracontides, in: JHS 84, …

Darlehen

(1,473 words)

Author(s): Neumann, Hans (Berlin) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
[English version] I. Alter Orient Als vertragliche Leistung, bei der der Empfänger von Geld oder anderen vertretbaren Sachen zur Rückgabe bzw. Gegenleistung verpflichtet wird, ist das D. in Mesopotamien von der Mitte des 3. Jt.v.Chr. [1. 141-145] bis in hell. Zeit [2. 43-45; 3. 119] bezeugt [4. 189-203]. Als Gläubiger traten sowohl Privatpersonen als auch (Vertreter von) Institutionen (Tempel, Palast) in Erscheinung. Gegenstand des D. waren vor allem Silber und Gerste, daneben auch andere Metalle bzw…

Eukrates

(113 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Εὐκράτης). [English version] [1] Athenischer Stratege 432/1 v.Chr. Athenischer Stratege im J. 432/1 v.Chr. (IG I3 365.5), beteiligt an einem Feldzug nach Makedonien. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] Chorege und Stratege in Athen um 415 v. Chr. Chorege und Stratege in Athen. Bruder des Nikias. 415 v.Chr. wegen des Hermenfrevels angezeigt, aber wieder freigelassen (And. 1,47; 66). 412/1 als Stratege in Thrakien. 405/4 erneut Stratege, widersetzte er sich während der Blockade Athens mit anderen Strategen den von Theramenes …

Pasion

(358 words)

Author(s): Beck, Hans (Köln) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Πασίων). [English version] [1] Griech. Söldneranführer (Ende 5. Jh. v. Chr.) P. aus Megara führte eine Söldnereinheit zu Kyros [3] nach Sardeis (Xen. an. 1,2,3), setzte sich dann aber zusammen mit dem Söldnerführer Xenias in Myriandos unter ungeklärten Umständen vom Heer des Kyros ab (ebd. 1,4,6-9). Beck, Hans (Köln) [English version] [2] Freigelassener aus Athen, 4. Jh. In der Person des P. ist die geschäftliche Tätigkeit eines trapezítēs in Athen gut faßbar; ursprünglich war P. Sklave von Antisthenes und Archestratos; nach seiner Freil…

Diomedon

(167 words)

Author(s): Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Διομέδων). [English version] [1] Kommandant Antiochos' III. Floh als Antiochos' III. Kommandant von Seleukeia am Tigris vor dem anrückenden aufständischen Satrapen von Medien, Molon (Pol. 5,48,12). Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) [English version] [2] Athenischer Feldherr im Peloponnesischen Krieg Athenischer Feldherr im Peloponnesischen Krieg. Als Stratege führte er 412/11 v.Chr. den athenischen Streitkräften in Kleinasien Verstärkung zu, gewann mit Leon das abgefallene Lesbos zurück und siegte über die Rhodier (Thuk. 8,19,2; 23f.; 5…

Drakontides

(146 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Δρακοντίδης). [English version] [1] Athener, Kommandant im Peloponn. Krieg Athener, Sohn des Leogoras aus dem Demos Thorai; 446/5 v.Chr. epistátēs, 433/2 stratēgós und in dieser Eigenschaft einer der Kommandanten einer Hilfsflotte für Kerkyra im Herbst 433 (vgl. Thuk. 1,51,4; zur dortigen Textverderbnis [1. 95]). D. war entschiedener Gegner des Perikles und trug 430 zu dessen Absetzung bei (Plut. Perikles 32,3) [2]. Davies 4551. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 S. Hornblower, Commentary 1, 1991 2 F.J. Frost, Pericles and Dracontides, in: JHS 84, 1964, 69-72. …

Metaneira

(166 words)

Author(s): Stenger, Jan (Kiel) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Μετάνειρα). [English version] [1] Gattin des eleusinischen Königs Keleos Gattin des eleusinischen Königs Keleos (nach schol. Eur. Or. 964 des Hippothoon), Mutter des Demophon [1] und mehrerer Töchter. M. nimmt die nach Persephone suchende Demeter in ihrem Haus auf und vertraut ihr den kleinen Demophon an. Sie stört aber unwissentlich die Göttin bei dem Versuch, das Kind im Feuer unsterblich zu machen, worauf sich Demeter von ihm zurückzieht (Hom. h. 2,185-291; Ov. fast. 4,507ff., wo M. und Keleos einfac…

Athenodoros

(332 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Hülser, Karl-Heinz (Konstanz)
(Ἀθηνόδωρος). [English version] [1] athen. Söldnerführer, um 360 v. Chr. in persischen Diensten Söldnerführer, aus der athenischen Kleruchie Imbros. Um 360 v.Chr. in persischen Diensten, dann im Dienst des Thrakerkönigs Berisades, mit dem er sich verschwägerte. Im Kampf um die Herrschaft in Thrakien konnte A. für die verbündeten Berisades und Amadokos die Athener als Symmachoi gegen Kersebleptes gewinnen. Dadurch gelang es dem athenischen Strategen Chares 357/6, die Teilung der Herrschaft in Thrakien und den…

Dikaiogenes

(114 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg)
(Δικαιογένης). [English version] [1] Athener, Trierarch von Paralos, fiel 412 / 1 v. Chr. Athener aus reicher und angesehener Familie (Davies, 145-149 Taf. II). Als Trierarch der Staatstriere Paralos fiel er 412/11 v.Chr. bei Knidos. Um sein testamentarisch vermachtes Vermögen wurde 389 ein Rechtsstreit ausgetragen (Isaios, or. 5). Traill, PAA 324245. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [English version] [2] aus Athen Tragödien- und Dithyrambendichter, 4. Jh. v. Chr. (?), Tragödien- und Dithyrambendichter. Im 4. Jh.v.Chr. Sieg an den ländlichen Dionysien im Demos Ac…

Xenocleides

(307 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich)
(Ξενοκλείδης/ Xenokleídēs). [German version] [1] Corinthian naval commander, 5th cent. BC Corinthian. One of five naval commanders sent by Corinth against Corcyra in 433 BC (Thuc. 1,46,2). The fleet achieved a partial victory near the Sybota islands (Thuc. 1,47-54; Diod. 12,33,3 f.). On the return voyage X. captured Anactorium on the Gulf of Ambracia and occupied the town with Corinthian settlers (Thuc. 1,55,1). In 426/5 BC X. led 300 hoplites in defence of Ambracia (Thuc. 3,114,4). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography J. B. Salmon, Wealthy Corinth, 1984, 318 K.-W. Wel…

Leogoras

(365 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Montanari, Franco (Pisa)
(Λεωγόρας; Leōgóras). [German version] [1] Father of the orator Andocides [1], 5th cent. BC Father of the orator Andocides [1], member of an old Athenian noble family, tracing its roots back to Telemachus and Hermes and linked by marriage to the Alcmaeonids (Hellanicus FGrH 323a F 24a-c; schol. Aristoph. Nub. 109). L. was mocked by Aristophanes [3] because of his debauched and profligate way of life. In 426/5 BC he led a legation to the Macedonian king Perdiccas II (IG I3 61, l. 51; [1. 30; 2. 1f.]). In 415, L. successfully used a paranomon graphe to clear himself fr…

Thymochares

(148 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Engels, Johannes (Cologne)
(Θυμοχάρης/ Thymochárēs). [German version] [1] From Athens, naval commander, c. 400 BC Athenian, strategos of a fleet defeated by Agesandridas at Eretria [1] in 411/10 BC (Thuc. 8,95). T. was also defeated by Agesandridas in a second sea battle (Xen. Hell. 1,1,1). Traill, PAA 518930. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] From Athens, follower of Lycurgus [9], second half of the 4th cent. BC Athenian, son of Phaedrus [2] from the Sphettus deme, c. 360-300 BC, follower of Lycurgus [9], in 329/8 epimelētḗs of the Amphiaraus Games of Oropus (IG VII 4254, 29 f. = [5. no. 50]), str…

Cleophon

(216 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg)
(Κλεοφῶν; Kleophôn). [German version] [1] Athenian demagogue in the period after 411 BC Athenian demagogue in the period after 411 BC, lyre-maker, apparently not very wealthy (Lys. 19.48). In 410 C. introduced the   diobelía , a maintenance payment to needy citizens ([Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 28,3). According to Diodorus (13,53,2) he brought about in 410/409, according to [Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 34,1 in 406/5, the rejection of peace negotiations with Sparta, though these could have been duplicates of his measures in…

Theomnestus

(215 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Nutton, Vivian (London)
(Θεόμνηστος/ Theómnēstos). [German version] [1] From Athens, c. 400 BC Athenian, accused by Lysitheus of cowardice after the battle of Corinthus (in 394 BC) in an action of dokimasia ( epangelía dokimasías) or 'scrutiny'. By being convicted T. was unable to appear as a rhetor in the People's Assembly, but managed to have the verdict quashed by means of an action for false witness against Dionysius. Against a renewed accusation of cowardice raised by Theon T. proceeded with an action of defamation ( díkē kakēgorías; Kakegoria ) and succeeded. He was then cha…

Charicles

(186 words)

Author(s): Kinzl, Konrad (Peterborough) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Χαρικλῆς; Chariklês). [German version] [1] Athenian politician, late 5th cent. BC Athenian from the phyle of Oeneis; son of Apollodorus. As a democrat in 415 BC he investigated the Mutilation of the Herms with Peisander (Andoc. 1,36), and in 414/13 was strategos in the Peloponnesian campaign (Thuc. 7,20;26; Diod. Sic. 13,9,2). However, in 411 he followed Peisander over to the ‘Four hundred’ (Lys. 13,73f.). In 404 played a significant role in the oligarchy of the ‘Thirty’ (Xen. Hell. 2,3,2; Mem. 1,2,31; Andoc. 1,101; Aristot. Pol. 1305…

Sophocles

(4,433 words)

Author(s): Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Σοφοκλῆς/ Sophoklês). [German version] [1] Attic tragedian, 5th cent. BC The 5th cent. BC Attic tragedian Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) [German version] A. Life Attischer Tragiker des 5. Jh. v. Chr. The most important records are the vita which has survived in several manuscripts and the Suda (σ 815); the complete testimonies have been collected in TrGF, vol. 4. S. was born in 497/6 BC as the son of Sophilus from the Attic deme of Colonus. In 480 he is said to have intoned the paean at the victory celebrations after the b…

Eucrates

(122 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Εὐκράτης; Eukrátēs). [German version] [1] Athenian strategos 432/1 BC Athenian strategos in 432/1 BC (IG I3 365.5), participated in a campaign to Macedonia. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] Choregos and strategos in Athens about 415 BC Choregos and strategos in Athens. The brother of  Nicias. In 415 BC accused of the mutilation of the Herms but released (And. 1,47; 66). In 412/1 in Thrace as strategos. In 405/4 again strategos, he resisted together with other generals the peace terms negotiated by Theramenes during the blockade of Athens and, therefore,…

Dicaeogenes

(123 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg)
(Δικαιογένης; Dikaiogénēs). [German version] [1] Athenian, trierarch of the Paralos, feel in 412/11 BC Athenian from a wealthy and respected family (Davies, 145-149 pl. II). When trierarch of the state trireme Paralos he fell at Cnidus in 412/11 BC. An action was brought in 389 concerning the testamentary disposal of his wealth (Isaeus, Or. 5). Traill, PAA 324245. Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] of Athens Tragedian and dithyrambic poet (?), tragedian and dithyrambic poet. In the 4th cent. BC victor at the rural Dionysia in the deme of Acharnae i…

Meletus

(307 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg)
(Μέλητος; Mélētos). [German version] [1] Athenian, c. 415 B.C. Athenian. In the year 415 BC he was denounced for having participated in the profanation of the mysteries and the mutilation of the Herms ( Herms, mutilation of the). He fled from Attica and was condemned to death in absentia (And. 1,12f.; 35; 63). Possibly the same as M., the great-grandson of the Alcmaeonid Megacles [4] (IG II2 1579,19). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography PA 9825 Traill, PAA 639290. [German version] [2] Prosecutor of Andocides, 400 B.C. Athenian; along with Socrates and others he was ordere…

Athenodoros

(368 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Hülser, Karl-Heinz (Constance)
(Ἀθηνόδωρος; Athēnódōros). [German version] [1] Mercenary commander, in Persian service around 360 BC Mercenary commander, from the Athenian cleruchy Imbrus. In Persian service around 360 BC, then in the service of the Thracian king  Berisades, to whom he became related by marriage. In the battle for the rulership in Thrace, A. won for the allied Berisades and  Amadocus the Athenians as symmachoi against  Cersebleptes. Because of this, the Athenian strategos Chares was able to secure the division of the rulership in Thrace as well as the Athenian possessions on th…
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