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[German Version] Feast day Jun 15. Churches dedicated to St. Vitus (Patrocinia) are attested since the 6th century. A legendary 7th-century vita identifies him as a martyr during the persecution under Diocletian (Persecutions of Christians: I). The Sicilian youth, accompanied by his tutor Modestus and his foster mother Crescentia, fled to Lucania to escape his father, who wanted to force him to apostatize. After performing miracles, he was tortured by the emperor, including being placed in a kettle of boiling oil. H…

[German Version] Incorporating older motif-complexes, the Geneviève legend exists in four 15th- and 16th-century Latin versions and, since the 17th century, has been the popular material of numerous literary treatments. The early medieval countess palatine was falsely condemned for adultery and, along with her newborn child, banished into the wilderness until, having been found six years later by her husband on a hunt, she was able to prove her innocence. Klaus Unterburger Bibliography Sources: ActaSS, Apr. 1, 1675, 57 BHL, 5393f. On Geneviève of Brabant: A. Schneider, La légende …

[German Version] (Feb 3, 1887, Schopfheim – Mar 17, 1944, Brandenburg), Catholic priest and Dr.theol. who became secretary general of the Catholic temperance movement in 1915, and co-founded the Weltfriedenswerk vom Heiligen Kreuz in 1917 (World peace ministry of the Holy Cross), as well as the Christkönigsgesellschaft in 1919/1927 (Christ the King society), which he was obliged to relocate from Graz to Meitingen in 1928; once there, he also founded the community of the Sisters of Christ the King.…

[German Version] According to the legendary Passio (c. 500), as a virgin consecrated to Christ she was put to death by the sword, after much torture, in Syracuse during the Diocletian persecution (Persecutions of Christians: I). Her supposed relics came to Metz in 970, whence her cult expanded (feast day Dec 13). The Lucia catacomb and the grave inscription of Euskia, signs of early cultic veneration, were discovered in Syracuse at the end of the 19th century. The figure of Lucia found its way into poetry, popular song, and popular piety. Klaus Unterburger Bibliography Sources: Martyrolog…

[English Version] , die Heilige. I.  Kirchengeschichtlich. Legendarische, im Spät-MA und in der Barockzeit sehr populäre Heiligengestalt (Fest 4.2. bzw. 27.2.). Ausgangspunkt ist die Abgar-Legende (Eus.h.e. I 13), nach der Jesus dem König von Edessa eine wundertätige Tuchikone von seinem Antlitz schickte. Nach einer jüngeren Tradition wurde die Ikone dessen Tochter Beronike übergeben. Im Westen wird (erstmals ActPil 7) die legendarische Gestalt mit der blutflüssigen Frau (Mt 9,20 par.; vgl. als Ansatz…

[German Version] I. Church History St. Veronica is a legendary figure, very popular in the late Middle Ages and the Baroque period (feast day Feb 4 ¶ or 27). The basis of her legend is the story of Abgar (Eus. Hist. eccl. I 13), according to which Jesus sent the king of Edessa a miraculous cloth icon with his face imprinted on it. In a later tradition, he handed the icon down to his daughter Beronike. In the West (earliest mention Acts Pil. 7), the legendary Veronica was identified with the hemorrhaging woman in Matt 9:20 par. (starting point already in Eus. Hist. eccl. VII 18) and one of the wom…

[English Version] I. Geschichte, Prozeß, Ergebnisse 1.  Ankündigung und Vorbereitung Die Idee eines Allg. Konzils zur kirchl. Selbstbehauptung im Zeichen der Autorität und Defensivhaltung gegen die durch Aufklärung und Revolution geprägte Moderne war erstmals 1849, während des Exils in Gaëta, an Pius IX. herangetragen worden. Gestalt gewann der Plan, nachdem der Papst zwei Tage vor der Publikation der Enzyklika »Quanta cura« und des »Syllabus« am 8.12.1864 und in engstem Zusammenhang mit der darin erfolg…

[German Version] I. History, Process, Results 1. Annoucement and preparation. The idea of holding a general council for the church to assert its authority and its defensive stance against a modernity shaped by Enlightenment and revolution was first suggested to Pius IX during exile in Gaëta. The plan took shape after the pope – two days before the publication of the encyclical Quanta cura and the Syllabus on Dec 8, 1864, and in close connection with their condemnation of modern fallacies – carried out a first confidential consultation with the cardinals reg…

1. EinleitungDas wechselseitige, aber nie symmetrische Gegenüber von K.u.S. im nzl. Europa ist das Ergebnis einer histor. Entwicklung, die einerseits an der politischen Ethik des NT (Röm 13; Offb 13) orientiert blieb, die aber andererseits tiefgreifende Veränderungen sowohl der kirchlichen als auch der staatlichen Institutionen, nämlich die Entstehung der nzl. Territorial- und Nationalstaaten, zu bewältigen hatte. Anfänglich war die Vorstellung leitend, dass die europ. Staaten in der Nachfolge des Röm. …

1. Introduction The reciprocal but never symmetrical relationship between Church andState in early modern Europe was the result of a historical development that in some respects remained indebted to the political ethics of the New Testament (Rom 13; Rv 13), while in other respects confronting profound changes in both ecclesiastical and secular political institutions, specifically the emergence of the early modern territorial and nation state. At first, the underlying assumption was that the Europe…