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Relations with Iran. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 2, pp. 126-187 FRANCE i. Introduction Compared to the long-standing history of Persian civilization, France emerged as a powerful entity endowed with its own distinctive culture only in the 13th century C.E., i.e. the great century of Christianity. Strongly marked by French influence, this century also coincided with the Mongol invasions that brought havoc to the vast Persian cultural area, then encompassing large tracts of Arab,…