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[English version] (Μενέσαιχμος). Att. Redner des 4. Jh. v.Chr., wurde von Lykurgos [9] erfolgreich verklagt (Ps.-Plut. mor. 843d) wegen Verletzung seiner Pflichten als Führer der Festgesandtschaft nach Delos (Fr. in [1. 115-118]), trat die Nachfolge des Lykurgos als Leiter der Finanzverwaltung Athens an (Dion. Hal. de Dinarcho 11), verklagte diesen erfolglos kurz vor seinem Tod (ebd. 842f) und nachher dessen Söhne, die vorübergehend inhaftiert wurden (ebd. 842e). M. gehörte auch zu den Anklägern d…

[English version] (Μικίνης). Athener, dessen Name nur bekannt ist, weil er zw. 403 und 380 v.Chr. eines Nachts auf den Straßen Athens ermordet wurde und Lysias für den folgenden Prozeß eine später berühmte Rede geschrieben hat (Fr. 90 Thalheim, hypothesis Antiphon 2a). Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald)

(Ἰσαῖος). [English version] [1] att. Redner, 4. Jh. v. Chr. Att. Logograph etwa der 1. H. des 4. Jh. v.Chr., Sohn des Diagoras. Spärliche Informationen über sein Leben bieten Viten in den Hss., bei Ps.-Plutarch (mor. 839e-f), Harpokration, Suda und Photios (490a), die aber allesamt von Dion. Hal. De Isaeo und Kaikilios abhängen. Die genauen Lebensdaten sind unbekannt, unter den datierbaren der erhaltenen Reden kann die früheste auf etwa 389, die späteste vielleicht auf 344/3 gesetzt werden. Als Geburtsort…

[German version] (Μικίνης; Mikínēs). An Athenian, whose name is known only because he was murdered in the streets of Athens one night between 403 and 380 BC. Lysias wrote a speech for the ensuing trial, which subsequently became famous (Fragment 90 Thalheim, hypothesis of Antiphon 2a). Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald)

[German version] (Ὑβρέας; Hybréas). Greek orator and politician of the 1st cent. BC from Mylasa in Caria. He came from a simple background (Str. 14,2,24 = 659) but was fortunate enough to be taught by the rhetor Diotrephes in Antioch. After returning to his hometown, he acquired influence and wealth, becoming the most powerful man in Mylasa following the death of his rival Euthydemus. He occupied the office of   agoranomos among others (ibid.). In the disputes following the murder of Caesar, H. was on the side of the Triumviri, but, in 41, rejec…

(Μινουκιανός; Minoukianόs). [German version] [1] 2nd cent. AD Athenian rhetor, rhetoric teacher and author of rhetoric textbooks Second-cent. AD Athenian rhetor, rhetoric teacher and author of rhetoric textbooks. According to a genealogy in [1] combined primarily from Himerius 7,4 (ed. Colonna p. 64) and Apuleius (Met. 1,2; 2,2f.), in about 130 he married Salvia, the daughter of the Stoic Sextus from Chaeronea, the teacher of Marcus [2] Aurelius and a nephew of Plutarch. According to the Suda (where the biograph…

Logographer, teacher of rhetoric and publicist from Athens, Erchia deme, son of Theodoros and Hedyto, 436-338 BC. [German version] A. Biography The biographical tradition concerning I., which goes back to Hermippus, is essentially documented in Dion. Hal. De Isocrate 1, Ps.-Plut. Mor. 836e-839d, an anonymous Life in a few MSS, Phot. 486b-488a and a Suda article s.v. I. In addition, there are biographical details in I.'s own works, particularly in Or. 15. As the son of a wealthy flute maker, I. received an education …

[German version] (Δημάδης; Dēmádēs). Orator from Athens, * around 380 BC, son of Demeas (deme of Paeania), † 319. Along with references by contemporary orators and epigraphical evidence (collected in [6]), we have information about him from an article in the Suda. Like his father, D. was initially a sailor and then, at a point in time that has not been authoritatively established, he turned to politics, initially and even later (cf. [4]) often in concert with Demosthenes. After 338 D. became one of…

(Ὑπερείδης; Hypereídēs). Attic orator, son of Glaucippus, from the deme Collytus, born 390/89 BC (since he was diaitetes in 330/29 and thus 60 years old, IG II 941), died in 322 BC. [German version] A. Life Of the rich biographical tradition of antiquity (Hermippus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Caicilius) all that has been preserved are the Vita in Ps.-Plutarch (Mor. 848d-850b) and short notes in Athenaeus, Photius (495b-496a) and in the Suda; in addition there is usable biographical information in H.' extant speeches and epigraphical testimonies. H. came from a wealthy family (h…

[German version] (Κλεοχάρης; Kleochárēs). Greek rhetor from Myrlea/Bithynia (Str. 12,4,9 = 566). According to Diog. Laert. 4,41 a lover of Arcesilaus, Demochares and Pythocles living therefore in the 3rd cent. BC, probably mostly in Athens. Apart from speeches, he wrote treatises in literary criticism; three works have been transmitted: in a comparison of Isocrates and Demosthenes he used the famous image of an athlete's body for the style of the former and of a soldier's for that of the latter (Ph…

[German version] (Ἀφθόνιος; Aphthónios). Rhetorician of the 4th and the 5th cent. AD, from Antiochia, student of  Libanius and friend of  Eutropius. Of his writings, the practice speeches mentioned in Phot. library 133 are lost; still extant are 40 fables, some of which he had adopted from  Babrius, others he had newly created. Also still extant are the so-called   progymnasmata , which contain 14 definitions of basic rhetorical concepts used as introductory material for the discipline of rhetoric (e.g. fable μῦθος, narration διήγημα, p…

[German version] A. Life From his own speeches and other sources (Lib., Eun. Vit. Soph. 14 (494), Suda) the following emerges: Greek rhetor from Prusias in Bithynia, c. AD 320 until after 383, son of the rhetor Aminias. After studying in Athens until the beginning of the 340s, H. first worked as a teacher of rhetoric in Constantinople (343-352). One of several journeys undertaken at this time took him to Nicomedia (around 350), where he lost to  Libanius in an oratory competition (Lib. Ep. 742,1F = 654W; Libanius' speech …

[German version] (Γενέθλιος; Genéthlios). Greek rhetor from Petra, a pupil of Minocianus and Agapetus, 2nd half of the 3rd cent. AD. He taught in Athens in rivalry to Callinicus, and died there aged 28. He wrote epideictic orations and was praised for his talent and his astounding memory (Suda s.v.). The fact that he is mentioned four times in the Schol. Demosth. (18,8; 52; 19,148; 22,3) supports the assumption that G. had written a commentary on that rhetor. Two treatises on the classification of …

[German version] (Κοκόνδριος; Kokóndrios). Greek rhetor of undetermined date (probably Byzantine); a slim treatise on tropes ( trópoi) is extant. These are at the beginning systematically divided into three groups ( génē), namely trópoi referring to an individual word (e.g. onomatopoeia), to the whole sentence (e.g. allegory), or to both (e.g. hyperbaton). In elaboration C. does not adhere strictly to this system but deals with other types as well. For example, poets are quoted exclusively: Homer, as well as Alcaeus, the tragedians, and Theoc.  Style, figures of style;  trope Weißen…

[German version] Designation for the author of a rhetorical treatise from the 5th cent., publicized in 1840 by Séguier de St.-Brisson. For a time, the treatise had been falsely attributed to L. Annaeus Cornutus. This work is the epitome of a school book from the 2nd cent. AD (definitely prior to Hermogenes), which is predominantly based upon  Alexander [II 25],  Neocles and ( Valerius) Harpocration. The subject matter is the 4  partes orationis and also the 4   officia oratoris . It is an important source for the controversy between Theodoreans ( Theodor…

[German version] (Ἀλκίφρων; Alkíphrōn). Atticist author, probably from the 2nd or the early 3rd cent. AD [5], mentioned only by Aristaen. 1,5. 25 and Eust. 762,62. Preserved under A.'s name is a collection of 122 fictitious letters (only partial fragments), organized into letters by: 1. fishermen, 2. peasants, 3. parasites, 4. love letters. All letters are set in a timeless and idealized 4th-cent. Attica, perhaps modelled after the New Comedy [10], possibly but not clearly an imitation of Lucian [8…

[German version] (Ἀρισταίνετος; Aristaínetos). Accepted name for the author of a collection of love letters in two books, probably from the 1st quarter of the 6th cent. AD. In reality, A. is the sender of the first extant letter, but in the beginning of the MS at least one folio is missing and so is the name of the real author. A.'s models are mainly Plato, Menander, Lucian, Alciphron, Philostratus, and the authors of the novels and love elegies by  Callimachus (Aristain. 1,10. 15), whose content c…

[German version] Attic orator of the 4th cent. BC, known only because of a mention in Aristot. Rh. 1411b 6f.: a speech of L. for the defence of the strategos Chabrias is cited in which a statue erected in honour of the latter is metaphorically called hiketēría (olive branch wound around with wool as a symbol of one beseeching protection). (On the shape of this statue and the reasons for its erection, cf. Nep. Chabrias 1-3 and Diod. Sic. 15,33,4). The trial (it concerned treason in connection with battles for the Attic-Boeotian border fortre…

[German version] Greek rhetoric textbook, amounting to some 100 pages of modern print, recorded in the MSS (none earlier than the 14th cent.) as a work of Aristotle (Aristoteles [6]), but not appearing in the ancient title lists of the Corpus Aristotelicum (e.g. in Diog. Laert. 5,22-27). The earliest surviving attribution to Aristotle is by Syrianus (In Hermog. comm. 2, p. 11,17-21 Rabe). According to Quint. Inst. 3,4,9, Anaximenes [2] of Lampsacus (2nd half 4th cent. BC) distinguished types of speech (εἴδη/ eídē) in his rhetorical textbook ( téchnē); the same distinction occurs at…

[German version] (Μενέσαιχμος; Menésaichmos). Attic rhetorician of the 4th cent. BC. Lycurgus [9] (Ps.-Plut. Mor. 843d) succesfully charged him with neglecting his obligations as leader of the festival legation to Delos (Fr. in [1. 115-118]). M. succeeded Lycurgus as leader of the financial administration of Athens (Dion. Hal. de Dinarcho 11) and accused him shortly before his death (ibid. 842f) and afterwards his sons, who were temporarily arrested (ibid. 842e). M. was one of the accusers of Demos…