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[German version] Participant in the conspiracy against Caesar (App. B Civ. 2,474; 493). Briefly mentioned in Cicero (Att. 16,4,4; 15,17,2) in connection with his plans to flee in the summer of 44 BC. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[German version] Celt from the people of the Arverni, born in c. 82 BC. His father Celtillus, whom the Romans considered the 'first man' ( princeps) in all of Gaul, was - like Arminius - murdered by members of his tribe, because he aspired to be king (Caes. B Gall. 7,4,1). Knowledge of V. is concentrated entirely on the year 52 BC; the main source, Caesar (= C.), is problematic, because he personalizes the Celtic resistance in V. and does not confront V. without Roman prejudices when recognizing his military performanc…

[German version] (Λυσικλῆς; Lysiklês). L. was a friend of Pericles and like the latter supported aggressive Athenian policy in relation to Sparta (Aristoph. Equ. 765: predecessor of Cleon). A L. was (in 432 BC ?) the petitioner for a decree regarding naval weapons and regarding Apollo of Delos (IG I2 128 l. 3; supplements in SEG 21, 37, IG I3 130a). After 429 BC, L. married Pericles' widow Aspasia (Plut. Pericles 24), in 428/7 as a strategos he fell in battle in Caria (Thuc. 3,19,1f.). Aristophanes has him appear in the ‘Equites’ as a small cattle wholesaler (Aristoph. Equ. 132 with schol.). Wil…

[German version] King of a Germanic people. Plin. HN 2,170 calls him (without explicitly mentioning the name A.) rex Sueborum, Mela 3,45 rex Botorum (= Nep. F 29), Caes. B. Gall. 1,31,10 and Front. Strat. 2,1,16 rex Germanorum and Liv. per. 104 dux. The Roman terms are imprecise (the term Suebi was only a collective designation for Germanic tribes on the right Rhine bank, the Boti are unknown), maybe A. was a ruler of the Triboci, who lived in Alsace and the Palatinate [2. 510: Tribocorum instead of Botorum]. Our knowledge depends almos…

[German version] A. Naso, M., author of a work about  Caesar and his time. This work was obviously directed against Caesar, accused him of participating in the so-called first Catiline conspiracy and also contained gossip (Suet. Iul. 9,3; 52,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[German version] H.'s early career is shrouded in mystery. He probably served as a legate in Gallia from c. 54 (Cic. Fam. 16,27,1-2). He became a devoted follower of Caesar, to whom he owed his further advancement (Cic. Phil. 13,24). In 49 he accompanied Caesar to Spain, in 47 he stayed with him in Antioch; apart from that he defended Caesar's interests in Rome. The office of people's tribune in 48 is not certain. His introduction of a law aimed against the followers of Pompey ( rogatio Hirtia, CIL I2 2,604), later to be abolished (Cic. Phil. 13,32), must fall into the year 46, when…

[German version] (Πρωτέας/ Prōtéas). Son of Andronicus, Macedonian, probably the same as P., the son of Lanice, nurse of Alexander [4] the Great. In 334/3 BC, by order of Antipater [1] he gathered ships off Euboea and the Peloponnese to protect the islands and mainland. In early summer 333, he succeeded in surprising a Persian forward unit under Datames off the island of Siphnos and capturing eight of its ten ships (Arr. Anab. 2,2,4-5). To do so, P. covered over 120 nautical miles in two night sail…

(Πάραλος; Páralos). [German version] [1] Son of Pericles Son of Pericles [1] from his first marriage. He died of the plague in 430/429 BC (Plut. Pericles 36,8). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] (Athenian ship of state), see Salaminia (Athenian ship of state) see Salaminia

[German version] Sister of  Hirtius. In 46 BC she was evidently offered by her brother to Cicero as a possible wife after his divorce from Terentia. Cicero declined on the grounds that marriage and philosophy are incompatible (Hieron. Adversus Iovinianum 1,48), and married the young and rich Publilia. H. is probably alluded to in a letter written by Cicero (Att. 12,11) dated November 46 BC, in which he informs Atticus that he had never seen anything so ugly ( nihil vidi foedius). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography J. Kerschensteiner, Cicero und Hirtius, in: FS S. Lauffer, vol. 2,…

[German version] From 61 to 59 BC legate of Q. Tullius Cicero in Asia (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 1,1,10), in 55 tribunus plebis (MRR 2, 217), in 49 praetor (Cic. Fam. 10,15,3), 48-46 procos. in Sicilia (MRR 2, 275; 288; 296). In this function he supported  Caesar during his African campaign in January 46 with troops (Bell. Afr. 34,4). In 44/43 he was first legate of Trebonius, then of Dolabella (MRR 2, 352). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[German version] Ruler of the  Remi ( primus civitatis), allied with Rome since 57 BC; in the same year, as he was in command of Bibrax, he held the city against an assault by the Belgae until the arrival of assistance from Rome (Caes. B Gall. 2,3,1; 6,4; 7,1).  Caesar Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[German version] (Τολμίδης/ Tolmídēs). Son of Tolmaeus, Athenian stratēgós in the years 457-455, 452, 451, 448 and 447 BC [1. 75 ff.]. After the murder of Ephialtes [2], in the 450s T. became the most important democratic politician and exponent of an aggressive naval league policy (Delian League). T.' often assumed political independence from Pericles [1] is an anachronism (cf. Plut. Pericles 16,3). In 456/5, T. commanded a successful naval operation against the Peloponnese (Thuc. 1,108), in 447 he settled Attic klēroûchoi on Euboea, Naxos and probably …

[German version] (Ἡγησάρετος; Hēgēsáretos). Thessalian from Larissa, described as princeps civitatis by Cicero in a letter of recommendation from the year 46 BC (Fam. 13,25). Leader of the Pompeian factio in Thessaly (Caes. B Civ. 3,35,2). Presumably pardoned by Caesar. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[English version] 61 - 59 v. Chr. Legat des Q. Tullius Cicero in Asia (Cic. ad Q. fr. 1,1,10), 55 Volkstribun (MRR 2, 217), 49 praetor (Cic. fam. 10,15,3), 48-46 procos. in Sicilia (MRR 2, 275; 288; 296). In dieser Funktion unterstützte er Caesar während des afrikanischen Feldzuges im Jan. 46 mit Truppen (Bell. Afr. 34,4). 44/43 war er zunächst Legat des Trebonius, dann Dolabellas (MRR 2, 352). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[English version] Die anfängliche Karriere des H. liegt im dunkeln. Wahrscheinlich diente er ab ca. 54 v.Chr. als Legat in Gallien (Cic. fam. 16,27,1-2). Er entwickelte sich zu einem unbedingten Gefolgsmann Caesars, dem er schließlich auch seinen weiteren Aufstieg verdankte (Cic. Phil. 13,24). 49 begleitete er Caesar nach Spanien, 47 weilte er bei ihm in Antiocheia, ansonsten vertrat er dessen Interessen in Rom. Das Volkstribunat von 48 ist nicht gesichert, ein von ihm eingebrachtes, später aufgehobenes Gesetz (Cic. Phil. 13,32), das sich gegen die Anhänger des Pompeius richtete ( r…

(Πάραλος). [English version] [1] Sohn des Perikles [1] Sohn des Perikles [1] aus erster Ehe. Er starb 430/429 v.Chr. an der Pest (Plut. Perikles 36,8). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] (athen. Staatsschiff) s. Salaminia (athenisches Staatsschiff) s. Salaminia

[English version] A. Naso, M., Verf. eines Werkes über Caesar bzw. seine Zeit. Es war offenbar gegen diesen gerichtet, beschuldigte ihn der Teilnahme an der sog. 1. Catilinarischen Verschwörung und enthielt auch Klatschgeschichten (Suet. Iul. 9,3; 52,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

[English version] 52 v.Chr. Richter im Prozeß gegen Annius [I 14] Milo (Cic. Mil. 75) wegen der Ermordung des Clodius [I 4]. Praetor möglicherweise bereits 55 oder früher ([1. 268f.]; MRR 2,295: 46 [?]), Promagistrat in Sizilien 50-49, Proconsul ebendort 45 (MRR 3,96). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 G.V. Sumner, The lex annalis under Caesar, in: Phoenix 25, 1971, 246-271.

[English version] (Λυσικλῆς). L. war ein Freund des Perikles und wie dieser Vertreter einer offensiven athen. Politik gegenüber Sparta (Aristoph. Equ. 765: Kleon-Vorgänger). Ein L. war (432 v.Chr. ?) Antragsteller eines Dekrets über Seerüstungen bzw. über den Apollon von Delos (IG I2 128 Z. 3; Ergänzungen in SEG 21, 37, IG I3 130a). Nach 429 v.Chr. heiratete L. Perikles' Witwe Aspasia (Plut. Perikles 24), 428/7 fiel er als Stratege in Karien (Thuk. 3,19,1f.). Aristophanes läßt ihn in den ‘Rittern als Kleinvieh(groß)händler auftreten (Aristoph. Equ. 132 mit schol.). Will, Wolfgang …

[English version] Fürst der seit 57 v.Chr. mit Rom verbündeten Remi ( primus civitatis), hielt im selben J. als Kommandant von Bibrax die Stadt bis zum Eintreffen röm. Hilfe gegen einen Angriff der Belger (Caes. Gall. 2,3,1; 6,4; 7,1). Caesar Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)