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See leather: garments and footwear. For raw hide shoes see hemming and rifeling. Other types of footwear include buskins; boots; slippers; and metal foot protection, which may be found under armour. Gale R. Owen-Crocker Not Specified Not Specified

Naḥt is the term Arab grammarians use for the word formational method whereby a new form is coined out of two or more independent words, a process similar to what in English is referred to by such terms as ‘blending’ and ‘fusion’. Morphologically, this term derives from the root n-ḥ-t ‘to carve, hew, chisel’. Thus, Arabic manḥūtāt (pl. of manḥūt), ‘ naḥt-type constructions’, are words, mostly of quadriliteral roots, that are ‘chiseled’ out of other words, so to speak. These constructions, however, are not all of the same compositional and/or functional na…

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1. Arabic of Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria The Arabic of Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria forms a broadly homogeneous dialect region characterized by a number of features either unique to Arabic dialects or found only rarely outside of the region (see Sec. 7). Within this homogeneity, at least two clear subdialects are discernible. In the southern fringe of the area, beginning in eastern Nigeria near the Cameroonian border and stretching through Cameroon and on to an as-yet-unresearched border in Chad is what…

The pronominal system of Arabic dialects has one characteristic in common with other varieties of the Arabic language and other Semitic languages: it consists of a series of independent pronouns and a series of suffixed pronouns, whose form may vary from region to region for various reasons, among which are the influence of the substratum (e.g. the Aramaic substratum in the Syrian-Lebanese area; see Diem 1971) and its own internal evolution, or even a mixture of both (see Behnstedt 1991). These …

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See Former British Dependencies (British Antarctic Territory, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). Not Specified Bibliography